0001493152-24-018280 | 20-F | XBRL Viewer

Schedule of components of loss before income taxes

The United States and foreign components of loss before income taxes were comprised of the following:

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023			For the Year Ended December 31, 2022			For the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Singapore	$	(203,411	)	$	(3,942,542	)	$	2,187,900
Foreign		(8,231,370	)		(21,086,152	)		(518,576	)
Total loss (income) before income taxes	$	(8,434,781	)	$	(25,028,694	)	$	1,669,324

Schedule of provision for income taxes

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following:

Schedule of provision for income taxes

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023		For the Year Ended December 31, 2022			For the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Current	$	-	$	27,439		$	74,168
Deferred		-		(48,228	)		(27,680	)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	$	-	$	(20,789	)	$	46,488

Schedule of effective income tax rate

The following table reconciles Singapore statutory rates to the Company’s effective tax rate:

Schedule of effective income tax rate

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023			For the Year Ended December 31, 2022			For the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Singapore statutory income tax rate		17.0	%		17.0	%		17.0	%
Tax rate difference outside Singapore (1)		(16.6	)%		(14.2	)%		0.0	%
Taxable income below exemption threshold		0.0	%		0.0	%		(0.5	)%
Change in valuation allowance		(0.4	)%		(1.9	)%		1.7	%
Others (2)		0.0	%		(0.8	)%		(15.4	)%
Effective tax rate		0.0	%		0.1	%		2.8	%

(1)	It is mainly due to tax rate difference of the entities incorporated in British Virgin Islands.
(2)	Others mainly consisted of income such as offshore investment income, 2021 return to provision adjustment, and COVID-19 related government grant which is non-taxable under local tax laws.

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities

The following table sets forth the significant components of the aggregate deferred tax assets and liabilities of the Company as of:

	December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022

Deferred Tax Assets
Valuation allowance for credit losses	$	426		$	-
Net operating loss carryforwards		544,385			502,382
Lease liabilities		20,574			41
Less: valuation allowance*		(545,099	)		(502,382	)
Total deferred tax assets, net	$	20,286		$	41

Deferred Tax Liabilities
Right of use assets	$	(20,286	)	$	(41	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(20,286	)		(41	)
Deferred tax assets/liabilities, net	$	-		$	-

The valuation allowance on all deferred tax assets increased by $42,717 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023.

Schedule of taxes payable

Taxes payable consist of the following:

Schedule of taxes payable

	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022

GST taxes payable	$	192,956	$	57,757
Income taxes payable		15,699		59,784
Totals	$	208,655	$	117,541

Subsequent events (Details Narrative) - USD ($)

12 Months Ended

May 06, 2024

Apr. 16, 2024

Mar. 31, 2024

Mar. 28, 2024

Mar. 15, 2024

Jan. 17, 2024

Jan. 16, 2024

Jun. 08, 2023

May 26, 2023

May 16, 2023

May 15, 2023

Mar. 31, 2023

Feb. 02, 2023

Nov. 17, 2022

Nov. 16, 2022

Jul. 25, 2022

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

May 15, 2024

Apr. 18, 2024

Jan. 31, 2024

Newly issued ordinary shares, value

1,600,000

6,191,770

4,626,667

1,000,000

Share price

$ 1.48

$ 500,000

Alfred Lim [Member]

$ 128,750

8.00%

Mar. 31, 2023

Common Stock [Member]

Newly issued ordinary shares, value

^[1]

4,626,667

$ 500,000

Chen Settlement Agreement [Member]

Shares issued upon debt conversion

850,306

Share price

$ 1.47

James Tan Settlement Agreement [Member] | Mr. Meng Dong Tan [Member]

$ 22,500

Debt with unpaid and accured interest

8.00%

Debt amount convertible

$ 24,004

$ 24,004

Settlement Agreement [Member]

Mar. 15, 2024

Convertible loan conversion price

$ 1.00

Shares issued upon debt conversion

478,200

Settlement Agreement [Member] | 8i Enterprises Pte Ltd [Member]

$ 712,254

$ 911,373

Debt with unpaid and accured interest

8.00%

$ 731,373

Advisory services payment

$ 180,000

Supplemental Agreement [Member] | Alfred Lim [Member]

Fee Settlement Agreement [Member]

Dec. 31, 2023

$ 300,000

Subsequent Event [Member] | Convertible Loan Agreement [Member] | Common Stock [Member]

60,000

Share price

$ 5.00

Convertible loan conversion price

$ 1.00

Subsequent Event [Member] | Convertible Loan Agreement [Member] | Gilandi Limited [Member]

$ 500,000

8.00%

Convertible loan conversion price

Mach 31, 2024

$ 1.00

Debt amount convertible

$ 500,000

Shares issued upon debt conversion

500,000

Subsequent Event [Member] | Convertible Loan Agreement [Member] | Gilandi Limited [Member] | One Tranche [Member]

Convertible loan amount received

$ 250,000

$ 250,000

Subsequent Event [Member] | Convertible Loan Agreement [Member] | Gilandi Limited [Member] | Two Tranche [Member]

Convertible loan amount received

$ 250,000

$ 250,000

Subsequent Event [Member] | Convertible Loan Agreement [Member] | Affluence Resource Pte. Ltd. [Member]

$ 1,000,000

12.00%

Debt instrument convertible conversion price description

Apr. 30, 2025

Anytime on or before May 31, 2024, Affluence may send the Company a Conversion Notice to convert the then Outstanding Sum into ordinary shares of the Company at $1.00 per share. Anytime after May 31, 2024, Affluence may send the Company a Conversion Notice to convert the then Outstanding Sum into ordinary shares of the Company at $1.42 per share. The Company has no right of early repayment of any part of the Convertible Loan without Affluence’s written consent. Any Outstanding Sum on the Maturity Date will be automatically converted into ordinary shares of the Company at $1.42 per share.

Subsequent Event [Member] | Convertible Loan Agreement [Member] | Affluence Resource Pte. Ltd. [Member] | One Tranche [Member]

Subsequent Event [Member] | Convertible Loan Agreement [Member] | Affluence Resource Pte. Ltd. [Member] | Two Tranche [Member]

$ 500,000

Subsequent Event [Member] | Chen Settlement Agreement [Member] | Chief Executive Officer [Member]

$ 500,000

Shares issued for settlement of salaries and compensation

166,653

Shares issued price per share

$ 1.275

Shares issued for settlement of salaries and compensation, value

$ 212,484

Subsequent Event [Member] | Sobak Settlement Agreement [Member] | Chief Financial Officer [Member]

Shares issued for settlement of salaries and compensation

75,059

Shares issued price per share

$ 1.275

Shares issued for settlement of salaries and compensation, value

$ 95,700

Subsequent Event [Member] | Lim Settlement Agreement [Member] | Director [Member]

Shares issued for settlement of salaries and compensation

53,649

Shares issued price per share

$ 1.275

Shares issued for settlement of salaries and compensation, value

$ 68,403

Subsequent Event [Member] | Supplemental Agreement [Member] | Alfred Lim [Member]

Subsequent Event [Member] | Share Purchase Agreement [Member]

Jun. 30, 2024

Description for ordinary shares issued in share purchase agreement

An additional one million ordinary shares will be issued to the persons named in the Share Purchase Agreement if certain financial performance milestones based on CK Health’s net income for the fiscal years 2024 and 2025 are met

Subsequent Event [Member] | Share Purchase Agreement [Member] | C K Health Plus Sdn Bhd [Member]

Newly issued ordinary shares, value

10,000,000

$ 15,000,000.0

[1]	Giving retroactive effect to reverse recapitalization effected on November 17, 2022

Schedule of basic and diluted earnings per share (Details) - USD ($)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Net (loss) income from continuing operations

$ (8,434,781)

$ (25,007,905)

$ 1,622,836

Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest from continuing operations

3,377

(65,124)

35,567

Net (loss)/income attributable to common shareholders, basic

$ (8,438,158)

$ (24,942,781)

$ 1,587,269

Weighted average number of shares outstanding, Basic

^[1]

22,900,631

12,029,656

9,253,333

Weighted average number of shares outstanding, Diluted

^[1]

22,900,631

12,029,656

9,253,333

(Loss)/earnings per share, basic

$ (0.37)

$ (2.07)

$ 0.17

(Loss)/earnings per share, diluted

$ (0.37)

$ (2.07)

$ 0.17

Net (loss)/income attributable to common shareholders, basic

$ (1,601,323)

$ 58,659

$ (722,440)

(Loss)/earnings per share, basic

$ (0.07)

$ 0.00

$ (0.08)

(Loss)/earnings per share, diluted

$ (0.07)

$ 0.00

$ (0.08)

[1]	Giving retroactive effect to reverse recapitalization effected on November 17, 2022

Intangible assets, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible assets, net

Note 9 – Intangible assets, net

Intangible assets consisted of the following:

Schedule of intangible assets

	As of December 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022

Customer relationships	$	-	$	650,102
Less: Accumulated amortization		-		(477,584	)
Less: Impairment		-		(167,787	)
Exchange rate effect		-		(4,731	)
Total intangible assets, net	$	-	$	-

Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 amounted to nil, $115,907 and $162,825, respectively. The management performed quantitative assessment and determined to fully impair the carrying value of intangible assets due to the Company’s limited business development and uncertain surrounding economic environment. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded nil, $167,787 and nil impairment loss related to intangible assets, respectively.

Credit facilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Promissory Note [Member]

Short-Term Debt [Line Items]

Schedule of short-term loans

Promissory note

Outstanding balances on promissory note consist of the following:

Schedule of short-term loans

Lender Name

Maturities

Interest Rate

Collateral/
Guarantee

As of

December 31, 2023

As of

December 31, 2022

Kaufaman & Canoles, P. C. (“KC”)

February 15, 2023*

0.0

None

170,000

Convertible Notes Third Parties [Member]

Short-Term Debt [Line Items]

Schedule of short-term loans

Convertible notes – third parties

Outstanding balances on convertible notes consist of the following:

Schedule of short-term loans

Lender Name	Maturities	Interest Rate			Collateral/ Guarantee	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022

Maxim Group LLC (“Maxim”)	July 31, 2024		0.0	%	Automatically be converted into the Company’s ordinary shares at $5.00 per share if the balance is not being repaid by the maturity date	$	2,113,125	$	2,113,125
Menora Capital Pte Ltd (“Menora”)	November 17, 2023 (1)		0.0	%	Right to convert into the Company’s ordinary shares equal to the unpaid Principal Amount as of the Maturity Date divided by the five day VWAP Price of the Company’s ordinary shares immediately preceding the maturity date if the balance is not being repaid by the maturity date		-		87,500
Loeb & Loeb LLP (“Loeb”)	November 17, 2023 (2)		0.0	%	(1) 60,000 of the Company ordinary share has been issued to Loeb, which is subject to be returned and cancellation if the Company repaid the full or part of the convertible note, and (2) Loeb has the right to sell the ordinary shares in public market and the earning from the sales should be offset the remaining balance of the convertible note		300,000		300,000
Shine Link Limited (“Shine Link”)	November 17, 2023 (1)		0.0	%	Right to convert into the Company’s ordinary shares equal to the unpaid Principal Amount as of the Maturity Date divided by the five day VWAP Price of the Company’s ordinary shares immediately preceding the maturity date if the balance is not being repaid by the maturity date		-		119,000
Total						$	2,413,125	$	2,619,625

(1)	Converted the note balances into the Company’s ordinary shares in May 2023. See Note 15 for detail.

(2)	The maturity date is being extended into three equal installments of $100,000, with the first installment due on or prior to April 30, 2024, the second installment on or prior to May 31, 2024 and the third installment on or prior to June 30, 2024. See Note 20 for detail.

Convertible notes – related parties

Lender Name	Maturities	Interest Rate			Collateral/ Guarantee	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022

8i Holdings 2 Ptd Ltd (“8i Holding”) (1)	November 17, 2023 (3)		0.0	%	Right to convert into the Company’s ordinary shares equal to the unpaid Principal Amount as of the Maturity Date divided by the five day VWAP Price of the Company’s ordinary shares immediately preceding the maturity date if the balance is not being repaid by the maturity date	$	-	$	82,600
Meng Dong (James) Tan (2)	November 17, 2023 (3)		0.0	%	Right to convert into the Company’s ordinary shares equal to the unpaid Principal Amount as of the Maturity Date divided by the five day VWAP Price of the Company’s ordinary shares immediately preceding the maturity date if the balance is not being repaid by the maturity date		-		700,000
Total						$	-	$	782,600

1)	Mr. Meng Dong (James) Tan, the Company’s related party who had more than 10% ownership of the Company, is the sole shareholder and director of 8i Holdings 2 Pte. Ltd. Mr. Tan has sole voting and dispositive power over the shares.

2)	Mr. Meng Dong (James) Tan, the Company’s related party has more than 10% ownership of the Company.

3)	Converted the note balances into the Company’s ordinary shares in May 2023. See Note 15 for detail.

Related Party [Member]

Short-Term Debt [Line Items]

Schedule of short-term loans

Short term loans – related parties

Outstanding balances on short term loans from related parties consist of the following:

Schedule of short-term loans

Lender Name	Maturities	Interest Rate			Collateral/ Guarantee	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022

Meng Dong (James) Tan (2)	December 31, 2023 (1)		8.0	%	None	$	23,634	$	-
Alfred Lim (3)	December 31, 2023, extended to June 30, 2024		8.0	%	None		138,119		-
8i Enterprises Pte. Ltd(4)	December 31, 2023 (1)		8.0	%	None		597,689		-
Total						$	759,442	$	-

	(1)	Converted the loan balances into the Company’s ordinary shares in March 2024. See Note 20.
	(2)	Mr. Meng Dong (James) Tan, the Company’s related party has more than 10% ownership of the Company.
	(3)	Mr. Alfred Lim is an executive director of the Company.
	(4)	Mr. Meng Dong (James) Tan, the Company’s related party who had more than 10% ownership of the Company, is the sole shareholder and director of 8i Enterprises Pte. Ltd. Mr. Tan has sole voting and dispositive power over the shares.

Nature of business and organization

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of business and organization

Note 1– Nature of business and organization

EUDA Health Holdings Limited, which until November 17, 2022 was known as 8i Acquisition 2 Corp. (the “Company”, “EUDA” or “8i”) is a company incorporated on January 21, 2021, under the laws of the British Virgin Islands for the purpose of entering into a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase, recapitalization, reorganization or other similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities (a “Initial Business Combination”). The Company is an “emerging growth company”, as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). The Company’s efforts to identify a prospective target business were not limited to a particular industry or geographic location (excluding China). The Articles of Association prohibited the Company from undertaking the Initial Business Combination with any entity that conducts a majority of its business or is headquartered in China (including Hong Kong and Macau).

On November 17, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), EUDA Health Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands business company (formerly known as 8i Acquisition 2 Corp.) (the “Company”), consummated the business combination contemplated by the Share Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) between 8i Acquisition 2 Corp., a BVI business company (“8i”), EUDA Health Limited, a British Virgin Islands business company (“EHL”), Watermark Developments Limited, a British Virgin Islands business company (“Watermark” or the “Seller”), and Kwong Yeow Liew, dated April 11, 2022 and amended May 30, 2022, June 10, 2022, and September 7, 2022. As contemplated by the SPA, a business combination between 8i and EHL was effected by the purchase by 8i of all of the issued and outstanding shares of EHL from the Seller (the “Share Purchase”), resulting in EHL becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of 8i. In addition, in connection with the consummation of the Share Purchase, 8i has changed its name to “EUDA Health Holdings Limited.” See Note 4 - Reverse Recapitalization for further details.

The Company, through its subsidiaries, operates its business in two segments, 1) engaged in the healthcare specialty group (other than general practice) business offering range of specialty care services to patients, and engaged in the medical facility general practice clinic that provides holistic care for various illnesses, and 2) engaged in the property management service that services shopping malls, business office building, or residential apartments.

Reorganization under EUDA Health Limited (“EHL”)

On August 3, 2021, EHL completed a reverse recapitalization (“Reorganization”) under common control of its then existing shareholders, who collectively owned all of the equity interests of Kent Ridge Health Private Limited (“KRHPL”), a holding company incorporated under the laws of the Singapore prior to the Reorganization, through the following transaction.

	●	On July 24, 2021, EHL acquired 100% of the equity interests in Kent Ridge Healthcare Singapore Private Limited (“KRHSG”) through KRHPL for consideration of SG$1.0.
	●	On July 24, 2021, EHL acquired 100% of the equity interests in EUDA Private Limited (“EUDA PL”) through KRHPL for consideration of SG$1.0.
	●	On August 1, 2021, Kent Ridge Health Limited (“KRHL”), EHL’s wholly owned subsidiary, acquired 100% of the equity interests in Super Gateway Group Limited (“SGGL”) through KRHPL for consideration of SG$1.0.
	●	On August 3, 2021, EHL acquired 100% of the equity interests in Singapore Emergency Medical Assistance Private Limited (“SEMA”) through KRHPL for no consideration.

Before and after the Reorganization, the Company, together with its subsidiaries (as indicated above), is effectively controlled by the same shareholders, and therefore the Reorganization is considered as a recapitalization of entities under common control in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805-50-25. The consolidation of the Company and its subsidiaries have been accounted for at historical cost and prepared on the basis as if the aforementioned transactions had become effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements in accordance with ASC 805-50-45-5.

Reorganization under KRHPL

Prior to the Reorganization, KRHPL entered into a Sales and Purchase of Shares Agreement (“KRHSG Agreement”) with the sole shareholder of KRHSG who is under common control of the majority shareholders of KRHPL on December 2, 2019. Pursuant to the KRHSG Agreement, KRHPL will acquire 100% of the equity interests in KRHSG (“Reorganization of KRHSG”) for a total consideration of SG$1.0 (“Total Consideration”). The transaction was completed and effective on January 3, 2020. Since KRHSG and KRHPL are effectively controlled by the same shareholders of EHL, and therefore the Reorganization is under common control at carrying value. The financial statements of KRHSG are prepared on the basis as if the restructuring of KRHSG became effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements of EHL.

Prior to the Reorganization, KRHPL entered into a Sales and Purchase of Shares Agreement (“EUDA PL Agreement”) with the sole shareholder of EUDA PL who is under common control of the majority shareholders of KRHPL on December 2, 2019. Pursuant to the EUDA PL Agreement, KRHPL will acquire 100% of the equity interests in EUDA PL (“Reorganization of EUDA PL”) for a total consideration of SG$1.0 (“Total Consideration”). The transaction was completed and effective on January 3, 2020. Since EUDA PL and LRHPL are effectively controlled by the same shareholders of EHL, and therefore the Reorganization is under common control at carrying value. The financial statements of EUDA PL are prepared on the basis as if the restructuring of EUDA PL became effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements of EHL.

Prior to the Reorganization, KRHPL entered into a Sales and Purchase of Shares Agreement (“SEMA Agreement”) with the sole shareholder of SEMA who is effectively controlled by the same shareholders of KRHPL on December 31, 2019. Pursuant to the SEMA PL Agreement, KRHPL will acquire 100% of the equity interests in SEMA (“Reorganization of SEMA”) for no consideration. SEMA is a holding company and has no operations prior to December 31, 2019.

Recent development

In September 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) resolved on the plan to streamline its medical services practice, which was carried out through the entities of Kent Ridge Healthcare Singapore Pte. Ltd., EUDA Private Limited, Zukitek Vietnam Private Limited Liability Company, Singapore Emergency Medical Assistance Private Limited, EUDA Doctor Private Limited, Kent Ridge Hill Private Limited, Zukitech Private Limited, KR Digital Pte. Ltd., and Zukihealth Sdn. Bhd. as the Company is in the process of transitioning its business to other medical service fields. The streamlining of the Company’s medical services practice was accounted for as a discontinued operation because it represented a strategic shift that had a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results in accordance with ASC 205-20-45. Accordingly, assets, liabilities, results of operations, and cash flows related to its medical service practice have been reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as discontinued operation for all periods presented. The consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 have been adjusted to reflect this change (see Note 5).

The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the activities of EUDA and each of the following entities:

Name	Background		Ownership
EUDA Health Limited (“EHL”)	●	A British Virgin Islands company	100% owned by EUDA
	●	Incorporated on June 8, 2021
	●	A holding Company
Kent Ridge Healthcare Singapore Pte. Ltd. (“KRHSG”) (1)	●	A Singapore company	100% owned by EHL
	●	Incorporated on November 9, 2017
	●	Multi-care specialty group offering range of specialty care services to patients.
EUDA Private Limited (“EUDA PL”) (1)	●	A Singapore company	100% owned by EHL
	●	Incorporated on April 13, 2018
	●	A digital health company that provides a platform to serve the healthcare industry
Zukitek Vietnam Private Limited Liability Company (“ZKTV PL”) (1)	●	A Vietnam company	100% owned by EUDA PL
	●	Incorporated on May 2, 2019
	●	A Research and Development Company

Singapore Emergency Medical Assistance Private Limited (“SEMA”) (1)	●	A Singapore company	100% owned by EHL
	●	Incorporated March 18, 2019
	●	A holding company
The Good Clinic Private Limited (“TGC”)(1) (2)	●	A Singapore company	100% owned by SEMA
	●	Incorporated on April 8, 2020
	●	Medical facility general practice clinic that provides holistic care for various illnesses
EUDA Doctor Private Limited (“ED PL”) (1) (4)	●	A Singapore company	100% owned by EHL
	●	Incorporated on December 1, 2021
	●	A platform solution for doctors and physicians to find, connect, and collaborate with trusted peers, specialists, and other professionals
	●	Operation has not been commenced
Kent Ridge Hill Private Limited (“KR Hill PL”) (1) (4)	●	A Singapore company	100% owned by EHL
	●	Incorporated on December 1, 2021
	●	A B2B2C pharmaceutical and OTC drugs e-commerce platform to promote its drug products
	●	Operation has not been commenced
Kent Ridge Health Limited (“KRHL”)	●	A British Virgin Islands company	100% owned by EHL
	●	Incorporated on June 8, 2021
	●	A holding company
Zukitech Private Limited (“ZKT PL”) (1) (4)	●	A Singapore company	100% owned by KRHL
	●	Incorporated on June 13, 2019
	●	A holding company
Super Gateway Group Limited (“SGGL”)	●	A British Virgin Islands company	100% owned by KRHL
	●	Incorporated on April 18, 2008
	●	A holding company
Universal Gateway International Pte. Ltd. (“UGI”)	●	A Singapore company	98.3% owned by SGGL
	●	Incorporated on September 30, 2000
	●	Registered capital of RMB 5,000,000
	●	A holding company
Melana International Pte. Ltd. (“Melana”)	●	A Singapore company	100% owned by UGI
	●	Incorporated on September 9, 2000
	●	Property management service that services shopping malls, business office building, or residential apartments
Tri-Global Security Pte. Ltd. (“Tri-Global”)	●	A Singapore company	100% owned by UGI
	●	Incorporated on August 10, 2000
	●	Property security service that services shopping malls, business office building, or residential apartments
UG Digitech Private Limited (“UGD”)	●	A Singapore company	100% owned by UGI
	●	Incorporated on August 16, 2001
	●	A holding company
Nosweat Fitness Company Private Limited (“NFC”) (4)	●	A Singapore company	100% owned by KRHL
	●	Incorporated on July 6, 2021
	●	A virtual personal training platform for fitness enthusiasts
	●	Operation has not been commenced
True Cover Private Limited (“TCPL”) (4)	●	A Singapore company	100% owned by KRHL
	●	Incorporated on December 1, 2021
	●	A B2B e-claims healthcare insurance platform
	●	Operation has not been commenced

KR Digital Pte. Ltd. (“KR Digital”) (1) (4)	●	A Singapore company	100% owned by KRHL
	●	Incorporated on December 29, 2021
	●	Development of software and applications
	●	Operation has not been commenced
Zukihealth Sdn. Bhd. (“Zukihealth”) (1) (3)	●	A Malaysian company	100% owned by KR Digital
	●	Incorporated on February 15, 2018
	●	Distribution of health care supplement products
	●	Operation has not been commenced

	(1)	These entities were presented as a discontinued operation in accompanying consolidated financial statements.

	(2)	On March 1, 2022, SEMA, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, sold 100% of the equity interest in TGC to an unrelated individual third party for a total consideration of SG$ 1.0.

	(3)	On April 19, 2022, the Company acquired 100% equity interest of KR Digital Pte Ltd, (“KR Digital”), a Singapore Company, from Mr. Kelvin Chen, the Company’s Chief Executive Office (“CEO”) and shareholder for total consideration of SG$1. Prior to the acquisition of KR Digital, on April 15, 2022, KR Digital acquired 100% equity interest of Zukihealth Sdn Bhd, (“Zukihealth”), a Malaysia corporation, from Mr. Kelvin Chen, the Company’s CEO and shareholder for total consideration of SG$1. Both KR Digital and Zukihealth have no operations prior to the acquisition in April 2022. KR Digital, through Zukihealth, was expected to carry out the distribution of health care products business.

	(4)	On December 4, 2023, these entities were struck off and dissolved.

Schedule of foreign currency exchange rates (Details) - Singapore, Dollars	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Period-end SGD: US$1 exchange rate	1.32	1.34	1.35
Period-average SGD: US$1 exchange rate	1.34	1.38	1.34

Income taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income taxes

Note 16 – Income taxes

British Virgin Islands

KRHL and SGGL are incorporated in the British Virgin Islands and are not subject to tax on income or capital gains under current British Virgin Islands law. In addition, upon payments of dividends by these entities to their shareholders, no British Virgin Islands withholding tax will be imposed.

Singapore

The Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in Singapore and is subject to Singapore Profits Tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Singapore tax laws. The applicable tax rate is 17% in Singapore, with 75% of the first approximately $8,000 (SGD 10,000) taxable income and 50% of the next approximately $144,000 (SGD 190,000) taxable income are exempted from income tax.

The United States and foreign components of loss before income taxes were comprised of the following:

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023			For the Year Ended December 31, 2022			For the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Singapore	$	(203,411	)	$	(3,942,542	)	$	2,187,900
Foreign		(8,231,370	)		(21,086,152	)		(518,576	)
Total loss (income) before income taxes	$	(8,434,781	)	$	(25,028,694	)	$	1,669,324

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following:

Schedule of provision for income taxes

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023		For the Year Ended December 31, 2022			For the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Current	$	-	$	27,439		$	74,168
Deferred		-		(48,228	)		(27,680	)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	$	-	$	(20,789	)	$	46,488

The following table reconciles Singapore statutory rates to the Company’s effective tax rate:

Schedule of effective income tax rate

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023			For the Year Ended December 31, 2022			For the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Singapore statutory income tax rate		17.0	%		17.0	%		17.0	%
Tax rate difference outside Singapore (1)		(16.6	)%		(14.2	)%		0.0	%
Taxable income below exemption threshold		0.0	%		0.0	%		(0.5	)%
Change in valuation allowance		(0.4	)%		(1.9	)%		1.7	%
Others (2)		0.0	%		(0.8	)%		(15.4	)%
Effective tax rate		0.0	%		0.1	%		2.8	%

(1)	It is mainly due to tax rate difference of the entities incorporated in British Virgin Islands.
(2)	Others mainly consisted of income such as offshore investment income, 2021 return to provision adjustment, and COVID-19 related government grant which is non-taxable under local tax laws.

The following table sets forth the significant components of the aggregate deferred tax assets and liabilities of the Company as of:

	December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022

Deferred Tax Assets
Valuation allowance for credit losses	$	426		$	-
Net operating loss carryforwards		544,385			502,382
Lease liabilities		20,574			41
Less: valuation allowance*		(545,099	)		(502,382	)
Total deferred tax assets, net	$	20,286		$	41

Deferred Tax Liabilities
Right of use assets	$	(20,286	)	$	(41	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(20,286	)		(41	)
Deferred tax assets/liabilities, net	$	-		$	-

The valuation allowance on all deferred tax assets increased by $42,717 from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had net operating losses carry forward (including temporary taxable difference of bad debt expense) of approximately $3.2 million and $3.0 million, respectively, from the Company’s Singapore subsidiaries. The net operating losses from the Singapore subsidiaries can be carried forward indefinitely. Due to the limited operating history of certain Singapore subsidiaries, the Company is uncertain when these net operating losses can be utilized. As a result, the Company provided a 100% allowance on deferred tax assets on net operating losses (including temporary taxable difference of bad debt expense) of approximately $0.5 million and $0.5 million related to Singapore subsidiaries as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Uncertain tax positions

The Company evaluates each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measure the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions. The Company did not incur interest and penalties tax for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Taxes payable consist of the following:

Schedule of taxes payable

	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022

GST taxes payable	$	192,956	$	57,757
Income taxes payable		15,699		59,784
Totals	$	208,655	$	117,541

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

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Schedule of shares issued and outstanding reverse recapitalization

Reverse Recapitalization (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Reverse Recapitalization

The following table presents the number of the Company’s ordinary shares issued and outstanding immediately following the Reverse Recapitalization:

	Ordinary Shares
8i ordinary shares outstanding prior to Reverse Recapitalization		11,073,500
Less: redemption of 8i ordinary shares		(6,033,455	)
Conversion of 8i rights		891,725
Shares issued to service providers		260,000
Conversion of EHL ordinary shares into 8i ordinary shares		14,000,000
Total shares outstanding		20,191,770

Schedule of financial statements of reverse recapitalization

The following table reconcile the elements of the Reverse Recapitalization to the consolidated statements of cash flows and the changes in shareholders’ equity (deficit):

	November 18, 2022
Funds held in 8i’s trust account	$	87,074,185
Funds held in 8i’s operating cash account		248,499
Less: amount paid to redeem public shares of 8i’s ordinary shares		(60,839,550	)
Less: payments of transaction costs incurred by 8i		(2,965,646	)
Less: payments of forward purchase agreements		(21,892,527	)
Less: repayments of promissory note – related party of 8i		(300,000	)
Proceeds from the Reverse Recapitalization		1,324,961
Less: unpaid deferred underwriting fee		(2,113,125	)
Less: unpaid transaction costs incurred by 8i		(382,600	)
Less: payment and accrued expenses of transaction costs related to the Reverse Recapitalization		(1,305,580	)
Add: non-cash net assets assumed from 8i		14,387,803
Net contributions from issuance of ordinary shares upon the Reverse Recapitalization	$	11,911,459

Intangible assets, net (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Intangible assets, net (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization expense		$ 115,907	$ 162,825
Impairment loss on intangible assets		$ 167,787

Schedule of effective income tax rate (Details)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Singapore statutory income tax rate

17.00%

Tax rate difference outside Singapore

^[1]

(16.60%)

(14.20%)

0.00%

Taxable income below exemption threshold

0.00%

(0.50%)

Change in valuation allowance

(0.40%)

(1.90%)

1.70%

Others

^[2]

0.00%

(0.80%)

(15.40%)

Effective tax rate

0.00%

0.10%

2.80%

[1]	It is mainly due to tax rate difference of the entities incorporated in British Virgin Islands.
[2]	Others mainly consisted of income such as offshore investment income, 2021 return to provision adjustment, and COVID-19 related government grant which is non-taxable under local tax laws.

Related party balances and transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Related party balances and transactions

Note 14 – Related party balances and transactions

Related party balances

Short term loans – related parties

Please see Note 12 for details.

Convertible notes – related parties

Please see Note 12 for details.

Schedule of related party balances

Other payables – related parties

Name of Related Party	Relationship	Nature	As of December 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022

Kelvin Chen	CEO and shareholder of the Company	Operating expense paid on behalf of the Company	$	2,779	$	546,588
Kent Ridge Health Pte Ltd	Shareholders of this entity also are the shareholders of the Company	Operating expense paid on behalf of the Company		547,214		762,472
UG Digital Sdn Bhd	UGD, subsidiary of the Company owned 40% of this company	Operating expense paid on behalf of the Company		11,502		31,986
8i Enterprises Ptd Ltd	Shareholders of this entity also are the shareholders of the Company	Operating expense paid on behalf of the Company		135,000		-
Total			$	696,495	$	1,341,046
Other payables – related parties			$	696,495	$	1,341,046

The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Summary of significant accounting policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Summary of significant accounting policies

Note 3 – Summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for information pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries. All transactions and balances among the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.

A subsidiary is an entity in which the Company, directly or indirectly, controls more than one half of the voting power; or has the power to govern the financial and operating policies, to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors, or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of directors.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements include lease classification and liabilities, right-of-use assets, determinations of the useful lives and valuation of long-lived assets, estimates of allowances for credit losses, estimates of impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill, valuation of deferred tax assets, other provisions and contingencies, estimated fair value of earn-out shares, prepaid forward purchase liability and private warrants. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Foreign currency translation and transaction

Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

The reporting currency of the Company is United States Dollars (“US$”) and the accompanying financial statements have been expressed in US$. The Company’s subsidiaries in Singapore conduct its businesses and maintain its books and records in the local currency, Singapore Dollars (“SGD”), as its functional currency, respectively.

In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not US$ are translated into US$, in accordance with ASC Topic 830-30, “Translation of Financial Statement”, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of foreign subsidiary are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within the statements of shareholders’ equity (deficit). Cash flows are also translated at average translation rates for the periods, therefore, amounts reported on the statement of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheets.

Translation of foreign currencies into US$1 have been made at the following exchange rates for the respective periods:

As of and for the Year Ended

December 31, 2023

As of and for the Year Ended

December 31, 2022

For the Year Ended

December 31, 2021

Period-end SGD: US$1 exchange rate

1.32

1.34

1.35

Period-average SGD: US$1 exchange rate

1.34

1.38

1.34

Non-controlling interests

For the Company’s non-wholly owned subsidiaries, a non-controlling interest is recognized to reflect portion of equity that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to the Company. The cumulative results of operations attributable to non-controlling interests are also recorded as non-controlling interests in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Cash flows related to transactions with non-controlling interests are presented under financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Segment reporting

The Company uses the management approach in determining its operating segments. The management approach considers the internal reporting used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The Company’s CODM has been identified as the CEO who reviews the financial information of separate operating segments when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Company. Management has determined that the Company has two operating segments, which is the medical services segment and property management services segment.

As described in Note 5, in September 2023, the Board resolved on the plan to streamline its medical services practice, which business was carried through subsidiaries of KRHSG, EUDA PL, ZKTV PL, SEMA, ED PL, KR Hill PL, ZKT PL, KR Digital, and Zukihealth, as the Company is in the process of transitioning its business to other medical service fields. The streamlining of the Company’s medical services practice was accounted for as a discontinued operation because it represented a strategic shift that had a major effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with ASC 205-20-45. Upon the completion of the streamlining, the Company reorganized its business to become a single reportable segment: property management services. This segment structure reflects the financial information and reports used by the Company’s management, specifically its Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”), to make decisions regarding the Company’s business, including resource allocations and performance assessments. All assets and continuing operations of the Company are physically located or domiciled in Singapore. Consequently, no geographic information is presented.

Cash and restricted cash

Cash represents cash on hand and demand deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use and have original maturities less than three months. Restricted cash represents cash held in bank account from 8i which was restricted due to the incomplete procedures of changing signers as of December 31, 2022. In March 2023, such restriction has been lifted and the remaining cash held in bank account has been transferred to the Company’s operating bank account and classified as cash as of December 31, 2023.

Accounts receivable, net

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount less an allowance for any uncollectible accounts and do not bear interest, which are due after 30 to 90 days, depending on the credit term with its customers. Management reviews the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on an ongoing basis, using historical collection trends and aging of receivables. Management also periodically evaluates individual customer’s financial condition, credit history, and the current economic conditions to make adjustments in the allowance when it is considered necessary. On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, which is an update to ASU Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which introduced the expected credit losses methodology for the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost basis, replacing the previous incurred loss methodology.

The Company used a modified retrospective approach and the adoption does not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company’s accounts receivable and other receivables are within the scope of ASC Topic 326. To estimate expected credit losses, the Company has identified the relevant risk characteristics of the receivables which include size and nature. Receivables with similar risk characteristics have been grouped into pools. For each pool, the Company considers the past collection experience, current economic conditions and future economic conditions (external data and macroeconomic factors). This is assessed at each quarter based on the Company’s specific facts and circumstances. There have been no significant changes in the assumptions since adoption. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company’s management continues to evaluate the reasonableness of the valuation allowance policy and update it if necessary.Allowance for credit losses amounted to $2,504 and nil related to accounts receivable was recorded as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Other receivables

Other receivables primarily include receivables from investment from the Company’s Affordable Home project in Indonesia and employee advance, and refundable deposits from third party service providers. Management regularly reviews the aging of receivables and changes in payment trends and records allowances when management believes collection of amounts due are at risk. Accounts considered uncollectable are written off against allowances after exhaustive efforts at collection are made. Allowance for credit losses amounted to nil and $2,209,825 related to other receivables was recorded as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets primarily include prepaid expenses paid to services providers, and other deposits. Management regularly reviews the aging of such balances and changes in payment and realization trends and records allowances when management believes collection or realization of amounts due are at risk. Accounts considered uncollectable are written off against allowances after exhaustive efforts at collection are made. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, no allowance for doubtful account related to prepaid expenses and other current assets was recorded.

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets with no residual value. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

		Expected useful lives
Office equipment		3 years
Leasehold improvement		Shorter of the lease term or 5 years

The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to earnings as incurred, while additions, renewals and betterments, which are expected to extend the useful life of assets, are capitalized. The Company also re-evaluates the periods of depreciation to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives.

The Company reviews property and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An asset is considered impaired if its carrying amount exceeds the future net undiscounted cash flows that the asset is expected to generate. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset, if any, exceeds its fair value determined using a discounted cash flow model. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there was no impairment of property and equipment recognized.

Intangible assets, net

Purchased intangible assets are recognized and measured at fair value upon acquisition. Separately identifiable intangible assets that have determinable lives continue to be amortized over the Company’s best estimate of its useful life as follows:

Schedule of intangible assets net

Categories		Useful life
Customer relationships		6 years

The Company amortized the intangible assets using the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are consumed or otherwise used up in accordance with ASC Topic 350 “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other.”

Separately identifiable intangible assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of any impairment loss for identifiable intangible assets is based on the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. $167,787 and nil impairment of intangibles assets was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company did not have any intangible assets as of December 31, 2023.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration paid of an acquisition over the fair value of the net identifiable assets of the acquired subsidiaries at the date of acquisition. Goodwill is not amortized and is tested for impairment at least annually, more often when circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. Goodwill is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses. If impairment exists, goodwill is immediately written off to its fair value and the loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed.

The Company reviews the carrying value of intangible assets not subject to amortization, including goodwill, to determine whether impairment may exist annually or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that an impairment has occurred. Management has determined that the Company has two reporting units within the entity at which goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 in 2022, which primary goal is to simplify the goodwill impairment test and provide cost savings for all entities. This is accomplished by removing the requirement to determine the fair value of individual assets and liabilities in order to calculate a reporting unit’s “implied” goodwill under current GAAP.

The amendments in ASU 2017-04 eliminate Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. As such, an entity will perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value. If fair value exceeds the carrying amount, no impairment should be recorded. Any loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Impairment losses on goodwill cannot be reversed once recognized.

When measuring a goodwill impairment loss, an entity should consider the income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit. The ASU contains an illustration of the simultaneous equations method to demonstrate this, which reflects a deferred tax benefit from reducing the carrying amount of tax-deductible goodwill relative to the tax basis.

An entity may still perform the optional qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired. However, this ASU eliminates the requirement to perform a qualitative assessment for any reporting unit with zero or negative carrying amount. Therefore, the same one-step impairment assessment will apply to all reporting units.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, management evaluated the recoverability of goodwill by performing qualitative assessment on the two reporting units and determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of each reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. Therefore, management performed quantitative assessment, fully impairment loss on goodwill of $971,229 was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2022, as the carrying amount of each reporting unit is in excess of its fair value for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company did not have any goodwill as of December 31, 2023.

Impairment for long-lived assets

In accordance with ASC 360-10, Long-lived assets, including property and equipment with finite lives are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets) indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company assesses the recoverability of the assets based on the undiscounted future cash flows the assets are expected to generate and recognize an impairment loss when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset, if any, are less than the carrying value of the asset. If an impairment is identified, the Company would reduce the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flows approach or, when available and appropriate, to comparable market values. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, nil, $0.2 million and nil impairment of long-lived assets was recognized, respectively.

Warrants

The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own ordinary shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.

For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of equity at the time of issuance. The Company determined that upon further review of the warrant agreements, the Company concluded that its warrants qualify for equity accounting treatment.

Upon completion of the business combination, all of 8i’s public and private warrants remain outstanding were replaced by the Company’s public and private warrants. The Company treated such warrants replacement as a warrant modification and no incremental fair value was recognized.

Forward Purchase Receivables and Prepaid Forward Purchase Liabilities

The Company recorded Forward Purchase Receivables on its consolidated balance sheets of nil and $21,892,527 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to account for the Prepayment Amount of the Forward Purchase Agreement, as discussed in Note 11. The Prepayment Amount will be held in a deposit account until the Valuation Date (the second anniversary of the closing of the Business Combination, subject to certain acceleration provisions). At the Maturity Date, the Sellers are entitled to received $2.50 per Recycled Shares (“Maturity Consideration”) in cash or in shares. Refer to Note 11 for further detail.

In connection with the Forward Purchase Agreement, the Company recognized a liability in accordance with ASC 480-10-25-8 as the Company has the obligation to pay cash to settle the maturity consideration, referred to herein as the “prepaid forward purchase liability” on its consolidated balance sheets of nil and $20,321,053 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Refer to Note 11 for further detail.

Revenue recognition

The Company follows the revenue accounting requirements of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606”). The core principle underlying the revenue recognition of this ASU allows the Company to recognize - revenue that represents the transfer of goods and services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in such exchange. This will require the Company to identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer.

To achieve that core principle, the Company applies five-step model to recognize revenue from customer contracts. The five-step model requires that the Company (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligation.

The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when the contract is committed in writing, the rights of the parties, including payment terms, are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability is probable.

Revenue recognition policies for the revenue stream is as follows:

Property Management Services

- Performance obligation satisfied over a period of time

The Company provides property management services in shopping malls, business office building, or residential apartments to all tenants and property owners. Property management services include common area property management services that contain cleaning, landscaping, public facilities maintenance and other traditional services and also include security property management services provided to all tenants and property owners. Each of the two services is within separate agreements. The Company identified common area property management services as a single performance obligation as the kinds of service in the contract are not capable of being distinct and identified the security management services as another single performance obligation as there is only one service that is to provide security services.

The Company recognizes the common area property management revenue and security property management revenue on a straight-line basis over the terms of the common area property management agreement and security property management agreement, generally over one year period because its customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Company throughout the performance obligations period.

The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for incremental costs to obtain a contract when the amortization period would have been one year or less. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any contract assets.

The Company recognized advance payments from its customer prior to revenue recognition as contract liability until the revenue recognition performance obligation are met. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any contract liability.

Disaggregated information of revenues by products/services are as follows:

Schedule of revenue


	For the Years Ended
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Property management service – common area management	$	2,628,073	$	2,919,335	$	3,508,663
Property management service – security management		1,078,385		844,960		1,049,857
Total revenues	$	3,706,458	$	3,764,295	$	4,558,520

Cost of revenues

Property Management Services

Cost of revenues mainly consists of labor expenses incurred attributable to property management service.

Disaggregated information of cost of revenues by products/services are as follows:

Schedule of cost of revenue


	For the Years Ended
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Property management services – common area management	$	1,983,009	$	2,210,703	$	2,461,981
Property management services – security management		881,374		683,593		846,555
Total cost of revenues	$	2,864,383	$	2,894,296	$	3,308,536

Advertising costs

Advertising is mainly through online and offline promotion activities. Advertising costs amounted to $455,260, $855,863 and $270,361 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Defined contribution plan

The full-time employees of the Company are entitled to the government mandated defined contribution plan. The Company is required to accrue and pay for these benefits based on certain percentages of the employees’ respective salaries, subject to certain ceilings, in accordance with the relevant government regulations, and make cash contributions to the government mandated defined contribution plan. Total expenses for the plans were $316,971, $340,756 and $349,333 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The related contribution plans include:

Singapore subsidiaries

- Central Provident Fund (“CPF”) – 17.00% based on employee’s monthly salary for employees aged 55 and below, reduces progressively to 7.5% as age increase;

- Skill Development Levy (“SDL”) – up to 0.25% based on employee’s monthly salary capped approximately $8.3 (SGD 11.25) for each employee.

Goods and services taxes (“GST”)

Revenue represents the invoiced value of service, net GST. The GST are based on gross sales price. GST rate is generally 8%, 7%, 7% for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, in Singapore. Entities that are GST general taxpayers are allowed to offset qualified input GST paid to suppliers against their output GST liabilities. Net GST balance between input GST and output GST is recorded in tax payable.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with U.S. GAAP for income taxes. The charge for taxation is based on the results for the fiscal year as adjusted for items, which are non-assessable or disallowed. It is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax is calculated using the balance sheet liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax basis. In principle, deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable income will be utilized with prior net operating loss carried forwards using tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it is related to items credited or charged directly to equity. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be utilized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant tax authorities.

An uncertain tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is more-likely-than-not of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. No penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. As of December 31, 2023, the tax returns of the Company’s Singapore entities for the calendar year from 2020 through 2023 remain open for statutory examination by Singapore tax authorities.

The Company recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, on the income tax expense line in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. Accrued interest and penalties are included on the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance.

The Company conducts much of its business activities in Singapore and is subject to tax in its jurisdiction. As a result of its business activities, the Company’s subsidiaries file separate tax returns that are subject to examination by the foreign tax authorities.

Discontinued operations

A discontinued operation may include a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity, or a business or nonprofit activity. A disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity is required to be reported in discontinued operation if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when any of the following occurs: (1) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale; (2) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity is disposed of by sale; (3) the component of an entity or group of components of an entity is disposed of other than by sale (for example, by abandonment or in a distribution to owners in a spinoff).

Comprehensive income (loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) consists of two components, net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to revenue, expenses, gains and losses that under GAAP are recorded as an element of shareholders’ equity but are excluded from net income. Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of a foreign currency translation adjustment resulting from the Company not using the U.S. dollar as its functional currencies.

(Loss) earnings per share

The Company computes (loss) earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share”. ASC 260 requires companies to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as net income divided by the weighted average ordinary share outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis of the potential ordinary shares (e.g., convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential ordinary shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.

The Company calculates basic and diluted (loss)/earnings per share for continuing operations as follows:

	2023			2022			2021
	For the Years Ended December 31
	2023			2022			2021

Numerator
Net (loss) income from continuing operations	$	(8,434,781	)	$	(25,007,905	)	$	1,622,836
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest from continuing operations		3,377			(65,124	)		35,567
Net (loss)/income attributable to common shareholders, basic	$	(8,438,158	)	$	(24,942,781	)	$	1,587,269
Denominator
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted		22,900,631			12,029,656			9,253,333
(Loss)/earnings per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.37	)	$	(2.07	)	$	0.17

The Company calculates basic and diluted (loss)/earnings per share for discontinued operations as follows:

	For the Years Ended December 31
	2023			2022		2021

Numerator
Net (loss)/income attributable to common shareholders, basic	$	(1,601,323	)	$	58,659	$	(722,440	)
Denominator
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted		22,900,631			12,029,656		9,253,333
(Loss)/earnings per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.07	)	$	0.00	$	(0.08	)

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had dilutive securities from the outstanding convertible notes and warrants convertible into 422,625 and 4,458,625 of the Company’s ordinary shares, respectively, that were not included in the computation of dilutive loss per share because the inclusion of such convertible notes and warrants would be anti-dilutive.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had dilutive securities from the outstanding convertible notes and warrants convertible into 1,411,725 and 4,458,625 of the Company’s ordinary shares, respectively, that were not included in the computation of dilutive loss per share because the inclusion of such convertible notes and warrants would be anti-dilutive.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company did not have any dilutive securities and other contracts that could, potentially, be exercised or converted into ordinary shares and then share in the loss of the Company. As a result, dilutive income per ordinary share is the same as basic loss per ordinary shares for the period.

Fair value measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Valuation techniques maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. The following summarizes the three levels of inputs required to measure fair value, of which the first two are considered observable and the third is considered unobservable:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The fair value for certain assets and liabilities such as cash and restricted cash, accounts receivable, net, other receivables, prepaid expenses and other current assets, loan to third-party, short-term loans, promissory note, convertible notes, accounts payable, other payables and accrued liabilities, and tax payables have been determined to approximate carrying amounts due to the short maturities of these instruments. The Company believes that its long-term loan to third party approximates the fair value based on current yields for debt instruments with similar terms.

The Company did not have any financial assets or liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023.

The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy our financial liability that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022:

	Carrying Value at		Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2022
	December 31, 2022		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Prepaid forward purchase liabilities	$	20,321,053	$	-	$	-	$	20,321,053

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of the financial liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Prepaid forward purchase liabilities
Beginning balance as of November 17, 2022	$	7,409,550
Change in fair value of prepaid forward purchase liabilities		12,911,503
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	20,321,053
Change in fair value of prepaid forward purchase liabilities		1,303,658
Derecognition of prepaid forward purchase liabilities		(21,624,711	)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	-

Leases

The Company accounts for leases in accordance with ASC 842. The Company entered into two agreements as a lessee to lease office equipment for general and administrative operations. If any of the following criteria are met, the Company classifies the lease as a finance lease:

	●	The lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term;
	●	The lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise;
	●	The lease term is for 75% or more of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset, unless the commencement date falls within the last 25% of the economic life of the underlying asset;
	●	The present value of the sum of the lease payments equals or exceeds 90% of the fair value of the underlying asset; or
	●	The underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term.

Leases that do not meet any of the above criteria are accounted for as operating leases.

The Company combines lease and non-lease components in its contracts under Topic 842, when permissible.

Finance and operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Since the implicit rate for the Company’s leases is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow, on a collateralized basis, an amount equal to the lease payments, in a similar economic environment and over a similar term.

Lease terms used to calculate the present value of lease payments generally do not include any options to extend, renew, or terminate the lease, as the Company does not have reasonable certainty at lease inception that these options will be exercised. The Company generally considers the economic life of its finance or operating lease ROU assets to be comparable to the useful life of similar owned assets. The Company has elected the short-term lease exception, therefore operating lease ROU assets and liabilities do not include leases with a lease term of twelve months or less. Its leases generally do not provide a residual guarantee.

The finance or operating lease ROU asset also excludes lease incentives. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term for operating lease. Meanwhile, the Company recognizes the finance leases ROU assets and interest on an amortized cost basis. The amortization of finance ROU assets is recognized on an accretion basis as amortization expense, while the lease liability is increased to reflect interest on the liability and decreased to reflect the lease payments made during the period. Interest expense on the lease liability is determined each period during the lease term as the amount that results in a constant periodic interest rate of the office equipment on the remaining balance of the liability.

The Company reviews the impairment of its ROU assets consistent with the approach applied for its other long-lived assets. The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. The assessment of possible impairment is based on its ability to recover the carrying value of the asset from the expected undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows of the related operations. The Company has elected to include the carrying amount of operating lease liabilities in any tested asset group and includes the associated operating lease payments in the undiscounted future pre-tax cash flows. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not recognize impairment loss on its finance and operating lease ROU assets.

Related parties

Parties, which can be a corporation or individual, are considered to be related if the Company has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Companies are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control or common significant influence.

Comparability and reclassification adjustments

The Company has reclassified certain comparative balances in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 and certain comparative amounts in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss)/income for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 to conform to the current year’s presentation. The assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations have been classified as current assets of discontinued operations, property and equipment, net of discontinued operations, other assets of discontinued operations and current liabilities of discontinued operations in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022. The results of discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 have been reflected separately in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss)/income as a single line item for all periods presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Cash flows from discontinued operations of the three categories for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were separately presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows for all periods presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, which is an update to ASU Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which introduced the expected credit losses methodology for the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost basis, replacing the previous incurred loss methodology. The amendments in Update 2016-13 added Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, and made several consequential amendments to the Codification. Update 2016-13 also modified the accounting for available-for-sale debt securities, which must be individually assessed for credit losses when fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, in accordance with Subtopic 326-30, Financial Instruments— Credit Losses—Available-for-Sale Debt Securities. The amendments in this Update address those stakeholders’ concerns by providing an option to irrevocably elect the fair value option for certain financial assets previously measured at amortized cost basis. For those entities, the targeted transition relief will increase comparability of financial statement information by providing an option to align measurement methodologies for similar financial assets. Furthermore, the targeted transition relief also may reduce the costs for some entities to comply with the amendments in Update 2016-13 while still providing financial statement users with decision-useful information. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, which to update the effective date of ASU No. 2016-13 for private companies, not-for-profit organizations and certain smaller reporting companies applying for credit losses, leases, and hedging standard. The new effective date for these preparers is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, which is to (1) eliminate the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors in Subtopic 310-40, Receivables—Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, and (2) disclose current-period gross write offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses—Measured at Amortized Cost. ASU 2019-05 is effective for the Company for annual and interim reporting periods beginning January 1, 2023 as the Company is qualified as an emerging growth company. The Company has adopted this standard on January 1, 2023, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, which is an update to ASU Updated No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which provides a single comprehensive accounting model on revenue recognition for contracts with customers. The amendments in this update require that an entity (acquirer) recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606. ASU 2021-08 is effective for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption was permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company has adopted this standard on January 1, 2023, and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all accounting standards updates (“ASUs”). Management periodically reviews new accounting standards that are issued. Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (the “JOBS Act”), the Company meets the definition of an emerging growth company and has elected the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards, which delays the adoption of these accounting standards until they would apply to private companies.

In July 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (ASU 2023-07”), which modifies the rules on segment reporting to (1) require entities to disclose for each reportable segment the significant expense categories and amounts that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included in the reported measure(s) of a segment’s profit or loss, (2) require that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, an amount for other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition, (3) require entities to provide all annual disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods, (4) clarify if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance, (5) require entities to disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s), and (6) require entities that has a single reportable segment provide all disclosures required by the amendments in this Update and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2023-07 should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”), which modifies the rules on income tax disclosures to require entities to disclose (1) specific categories in the rate reconciliation, (2) the income or loss from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit (separated between domestic and foreign) and (3) income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations (separated by federal, state and foreign). ASU 2023-09 also requires entities to disclose their income tax payments to international, federal, state and local jurisdictions, among other changes. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. ASU 2023-09 should be applied on a prospective basis, but retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Except as mentioned above, the Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and statements of cash flows.

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Valuation allowance for credit losses

$ 426

Net operating loss carryforwards

544,385

502,382

Lease liabilities

20,574

Less: valuation allowance

^[1]

(545,099)

(502,382)

Total deferred tax assets, net

20,286

Right of use assets

(20,286)

(41)

Total deferred tax liabilities

(20,286)

(41)

Deferred tax assets/liabilities, net

[1]	The valuation allowance on all deferred tax assets increased by $

Schedule of taxes payable (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
GST taxes payable	$ 192,956	$ 57,757
Income taxes payable	15,699	59,784
Totals	$ 208,655	$ 117,541

Commitments and contingencies (Details Narrative)			12 Months Ended
Commitments and contingencies (Details Narrative)	Mar. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 30, 2022 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 SGD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Compensate amount	$ 3,704	$ 5,000
Legal payment			$ 74,966	$ 100,000
Contingent liability balance outstanding			$ 0

Goodwill

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill

Note 10 – Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill from Melana reporting unit and Tri-Global reporting unit are as follows:

Schedule of goodwill

	Melana			Tri-Global			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	528,665		$	464,021		$	992,686
Balance	$	528,665		$	464,021		$	992,686
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(11,427	)		(10,030	)		(21,457	)
Impairment		(517,238	)		(453,991	)		(971,229	)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	-		$	-		$	-
Balance	$	-		$	-		$	-

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company record nil, $971,229 and nil impairment loss on goodwill, respectively.

Concentrations risks

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Concentrations risks

Note 17 – Concentrations risks

(a) Major customers

For the year ended December 31, 2023, one customer accounted for 11.3% of the Company’s total revenues. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, no customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s total revenues.

As of December 31, 2023, three customers accounted for 23.9%, 11.9%, and 10.6% of the Company’s total balance of accounts receivable, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, two customers accounted for 18.3% and 11.2% of the Company’s total balance of accounts receivable, respectively.

(b) Major vendors

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, no vendor accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s total purchases.

As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, two vendors accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s total balance of accounts payable. This did not make the Company vulnerable to concentration risks as the balance is insignificant.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash. The Singapore Deposit Insurance Corporation Limited (SDIC) insures deposits in a Deposit Insurance (DI) Scheme member bank or finance company up to approximately $57,000 (SGD 75,000) per account. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had cash balance of $177,205 and $56,370 was maintained at DI Scheme banks in Singapore, of $84,870 and nil was subject to credit risk, respectively. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) standard insurance amount is up to $250,000 per depositor per insured bank. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had cash and restricted cash balance of $10,820 and $641,461 was maintained at banks in the United States, of which nil and $391,461 was subject to credit risk, respectively. While management believes that these financial institutions are of high credit quality, it also continually monitors their credit worthiness.

The Company is also exposed to risk from accounts receivable and other receivables. These assets are subjected to credit evaluations. An allowance has been made for estimated unrecoverable amounts which have been determined by reference to past default experience and the current economic environment.

Summary of significant accounting policies (Details Narrative) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Allowance for credit losses	$ 2,504
Allowance for credit losses amount			2,209,825
Allowance for doubtful account related to prepaid expenses and other current assets	0		0	0
Impairment of property and equipment	0		0	0
Impairment of intangible assets			167,787
Impairment loss on goodwill			971,229
Impairment of long-lived assets			167,787
Forward purchase receivables			21,892,527
Recycled per shares \| $ / shares	$ 2.50
Purchase liability			20,321,053
Advertising cost	455,260		855,863	270,361
Employee expenses	$ 316,971		$ 340,756	$ 349,333
Convertible Debt Securities [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Antidilutive shares \| shares	422,625	422,625	1,411,725
Warrants Convertible Debt [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Antidilutive shares \| shares	4,458,625	4,458,625	4,458,625
SINGAPORE
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Goods and services taxes rate	8.00%	8.00%	7.00%	7.00%
Central Provident Fund [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Employee plan description	17.00% based on employee’s monthly salary for employees aged 55 and below, reduces progressively to 7.5% as age increase	17.00% based on employee’s monthly salary for employees aged 55 and below, reduces progressively to 7.5% as age increase
Skill Development Levy [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Employee plan description	up to 0.25% based on employee’s monthly salary capped approximately $8.3 (SGD 11.25) for each employee	up to 0.25% based on employee’s monthly salary capped approximately $8.3 (SGD 11.25) for each employee
Monthly salary	$ 8,300,000	$ 11,250

Property and equipment, net (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 4,886	$ 5,499	$ 5,008

Schedule of warrant activities (Details) - Warrant [Member] - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Warrants Outstanding, Beginning balance	8,917,250
Ordinary Shares Issuable, Beginning balance	4,458,625
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Beginning balance	$ 11.50
Warrants, Granted		8,917,250
Ordinary Shares Issuable, Granted		4,458,625
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted		$ 11.50
Average Remaining Contractual Life, Granted		5 years
Warrants, Forfeited
Ordinary Shares Issuable, Forfeited
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Forfeited
Warrants, Exercised
Ordinary Shares Issuable, Exercised
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised
Average Remaining Contractual Life, Outstanding	3 years 10 months 17 days	4 years 10 months 17 days
Warrants Outstanding, Ending balance	8,917,250	8,917,250
Ordinary Shares Issuable, Ending balance	4,458,625	4,458,625
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Ending balance	$ 11.50	$ 11.50

Accounts receivable, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Credit Loss [Abstract]

Accounts receivable, net

Note 6 – Accounts receivable, net

Schedule of accounts receivable

	As of December 31, 2023			As of December 31, 2022

Accounts receivable	$	239,978		$	192,851
Allowance for credit losses		(2,504	)		-
Total accounts receivable, net	$	237,474		$	192,851

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had allowance for credit losses of $2,504 and nil, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not write off any allowance for credit losses against the account receivable balance.

Movements of allowance for credit losses from accounts receivable are as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023		For the Year Ended December 31, 2022		For the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Beginning balance	$	-	$	-	$	-
Addition		2,463		-		-
Exchange rate effect		41		-		-
Ending balance	$	2,504	$	-	$	-

Schedule of consolidated financial statement (Details) (Parenthetical) - SGD ($)	Apr. 19, 2022	Apr. 15, 2022	Mar. 01, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Aug. 03, 2021
Singapore Emergency Medical Assistance Private Limited [Member]
Ownership percentage			100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Consideration			$ 1.0
KR Digital Pte Ltd [Member]
Ownership percentage	100.00%	100.00%		100.00%
KR Digital Pte Ltd [Member] \| Chief Executive Officer [Member]
Consideration	$ 1	$ 1

Schedule of shares issued and outstanding reverse recapitalization (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 17, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Reverse Recapitalization
8i ordinary shares outstanding prior to Reverse Recapitalization	11,073,500
Less: redemption of 8i ordinary shares	(6,033,455)
Conversion of 8i rights	891,725
Shares issued to service providers	260,000
Conversion of EHL ordinary shares into 8i ordinary shares	14,000,000
Total shares outstanding	$ 20,191,770	$ 11,911,459

Schedule of intangible assets (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Schedule of intangible assets (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Customer relationships		$ 650,102
Less: Accumulated amortization		(477,584)
Less: Impairment		167,787
Exchange rate effect		4,731
Total intangible assets, net

Schedule of provision for income taxes (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Current		$ 27,439	$ 74,168
Deferred		(48,228)	(27,680)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		$ (20,789)	$ 46,488

Schedule of other payables and accrued liabilities

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References + Details

Other payables and accrued liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

	As of December 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022

Accrued expenses (i)	$	823,345	$	491,549
Accrued payroll		811,680		548,359
Accrued interests (ii)		249,867		157,032
Others		2,520		2,870
Total other payables and accrued liabilities	$	1,887,412	$	1,199,810

(i)	Accrued expenses

	The balance of accrued expenses represented amount due to third parties service providers which include marketing consulting service, IT related professional service, legal, audit and accounting fees, and other miscellaneous office related expenses.

(ii)	Accrued interests

	The balance of accrued interests represented the balance of interest payable from right-of-use leases and short-term loan – third parties.

Going concern (Details Narrative) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Working capital deficit	$ 8.0
Cash and restricted cash	$ 0.2

Summary of significant accounting policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Schedule of foreign currency exchange rates

As of and for the Year Ended

December 31, 2023

As of and for the Year Ended

December 31, 2022

For the Year Ended

December 31, 2021

Period-end SGD: US$1 exchange rate

1.32

1.34

1.35

Period-average SGD: US$1 exchange rate

1.34

1.38

1.34

Schedule of property and equipment useful lives

		Expected useful lives
Office equipment		3 years
Leasehold improvement		Shorter of the lease term or 5 years

Schedule of intangible assets net

Categories		Useful life
Customer relationships		6 years

Schedule of revenue


	For the Years Ended
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Property management service – common area management	$	2,628,073	$	2,919,335	$	3,508,663
Property management service – security management		1,078,385		844,960		1,049,857
Total revenues	$	3,706,458	$	3,764,295	$	4,558,520

Schedule of cost of revenue


	For the Years Ended
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Property management services – common area management	$	1,983,009	$	2,210,703	$	2,461,981
Property management services – security management		881,374		683,593		846,555
Total cost of revenues	$	2,864,383	$	2,894,296	$	3,308,536

Schedule of basic and diluted earnings per share

The Company calculates basic and diluted (loss)/earnings per share for continuing operations as follows:

	2023			2022			2021
	For the Years Ended December 31
	2023			2022			2021

Numerator
Net (loss) income from continuing operations	$	(8,434,781	)	$	(25,007,905	)	$	1,622,836
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest from continuing operations		3,377			(65,124	)		35,567
Net (loss)/income attributable to common shareholders, basic	$	(8,438,158	)	$	(24,942,781	)	$	1,587,269
Denominator
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted		22,900,631			12,029,656			9,253,333
(Loss)/earnings per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.37	)	$	(2.07	)	$	0.17

The Company calculates basic and diluted (loss)/earnings per share for discontinued operations as follows:

	For the Years Ended December 31
	2023			2022		2021

Numerator
Net (loss)/income attributable to common shareholders, basic	$	(1,601,323	)	$	58,659	$	(722,440	)
Denominator
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted		22,900,631			12,029,656		9,253,333
(Loss)/earnings per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.07	)	$	0.00	$	(0.08	)

Schedule of fair value hierarchy of financial liability

The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy our financial liability that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022:

	Carrying Value at		Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2022
	December 31, 2022		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Prepaid forward purchase liabilities	$	20,321,053	$	-	$	-	$	20,321,053

Schedule of reconciliation of financial liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of the financial liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Prepaid forward purchase liabilities
Beginning balance as of November 17, 2022	$	7,409,550
Change in fair value of prepaid forward purchase liabilities		12,911,503
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	20,321,053
Change in fair value of prepaid forward purchase liabilities		1,303,658
Derecognition of prepaid forward purchase liabilities		(21,624,711	)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	-

Schedule of weighted average remaining term and discount rate (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases
Operating lease, weighted-average remaining term	1 year 3 months 14 days	3 months 18 days
Finance leases, weighted-average remaining term	4 years 5 months 1 day	2 years
Operating lease, weighted-average discount rate	7.35%	5.25%
Finance leases, weighted-average discount rate	9.60%	5.25%

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Leases

Leases

Note 18 – Leases

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has leased two offices, which were classified as operating leases. In addition, the Company had two office equipment leases which were classified as finance leases.

The Company occupies various offices under operating lease agreements with a term shorter than twelve months which it elected not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities under ASC 842. Instead, the Company recognized the lease payments in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term and variable lease payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred.

The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company recognized lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term for operating lease. Meanwhile, the Company recognized the finance leases ROU assets and interest on an amortized cost basis. The amortization of finance ROU assets is recognized on an accretion basis as amortization expense, while the lease liability is increased to reflect interest on the liability and decreased to reflect the lease payments made during the period.

The ROU assets and lease liabilities are determined based on the present value of the future minimum rental payments of the lease as of the adoption date, using an effective interest rate of 9.60%, which is determined using an incremental borrowing rate with similar term in Singapore.

Operating and finance lease expenses consist of the following:

		For the Years Ended
	Classification	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021

Operating lease cost
Lease expenses	General and administrative	$	123,366	$	87,692	$	58,602
Lease expenses – short-term	General and administrative		-		-		-
Finance lease cost
Amortization of leased asset	General and administrative		8,148		7,948		8,153
Interest on lease liabilities	Other expense -Interest expenses		2,584		1,276		1,639
Total lease expenses		$	134,098	$	96,916	$	68,394

Weighted-average remaining term and discount rate related to leases were as follows:

	As of			As of
	December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022

Weighted-average remaining term
Operating lease		1.29 years			0.30 years
Finance leases		4.42 years			2.00 years
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating lease		7.35	%		5.25	%
Finance leases		9.60	%		5.25	%

The following table sets forth the Company’s minimum lease payments in future periods as of December 31, 2023:

	Operating lease			Finance lease
	payments			payments			Total
Twelve months ending December 31, 2024	$	132,210		$	7,959		$	140,169
Twelve months ending December 31, 2025		47,545			7,959			55,504
Twelve months ending December 31, 2026		-			7,959			7,959
Twelve months ending December 31, 2027		-			7,959			7,959
Twelve months ending December 31, 2028		-			10,603			10,603
Total lease payments		179,755			42,439			222,194
Less: discount		(11,478	)		(8,758	)		(20,236	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	168,277		$	33,681		$	201,958

Shareholders’ equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Shareholders’ equity

Note 15 – Shareholders’ equity

Capital Contribution

On September 20, 2022, the Company received capital of $600,000 from an investor for the issuance in 8i acquisition’s ordinary shares. Such deposit is refundable if the business combination will not be completed by November 30, 2022. Initially, the Company recognized the subscribed shares deposit liability in accordance with ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” on inception. On November 17, 2022, Upon the closing of the Business Combination with 8i acquisition, the Company issued 120,000 ordinary shares to this investor and transferred such the subscribed shares deposit liability into equity as capital contribution.

Forgiveness of Debt by a Related Party

On March 31, 2022, the Company and Wilke Services Limited (“Wilke”) entered into a deed of release of debt (“Deed”), pursuant to the Deed, upon the closing of the Business Combination, Wilke agrees to release and discharge the Company from the obligation to repay to Wilke of $2,763,018. As Wilke is a shareholder of the Company, such debt forgiveness was treated as an addition to the Company’s capital during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Ordinary Shares

The Company is authorized to issue unlimited ordinary shares of no par value. Holders of the Company’s ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each ordinary share.

-Issuance of ordinary shares to EHL

On July 25, 2022, the Company issued 4,626,667 ordinary shares (500,000 ordinary share before reverse recapitalization) for total consideration of $500,000 to the shareholder of EHL.

The shares and corresponding capital amounts and all per share data related to EHL’s outstanding ordinary shares prior to the Reverse Recapitalization have been retroactively adjusted using the Exchange Ratio.

-Issuance of ordinary shares upon the reverse recapitalization (See Note 4)

On November 17, 2022, upon the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company issued an aggregate total of 6,191,770 ordinary shares to 8i and various service provider.

The following table presents the number of the Company’s ordinary shares issued upon the Reverse Recapitalization:

Schedule of reverse recapitalization

	Ordinary Shares
8i ordinary shares outstanding prior to Reverse Recapitalization		11,073,500
Less: redemption of 8i ordinary shares		(6,033,455	)
Conversion of 8i rights		891,725
Shares issued to service providers		260,000
Total shares issued upon the Reverse Recapitalization		6,191,770

-Private placements

Between May 16 and May 22, 2023, the Company issued and sold to eight accredited investors an aggregate of 940,000 ordinary shares (the “Placement Shares”) at $1.00 per share for an aggregate to purchase price of $940,000 in a private placement in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Rule 506 promulgated thereunder. In July 2023, the Company cancelled 200,000 shares as one of the accredited investors did not pay for the shares in a timely manner.

In August 2023, the Company issued and sold to two accredited investors an aggregate of 50,000 ordinary shares (the “Placement Shares”) at $1.00 per share for an aggregate to purchase price of $50,000 in a private placement in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Rule 506 promulgated thereunder.

Conversion of Debts

On May 16, 2023, the Company signed settlement agreement (“Settlement Agreement”) with James Tan, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to James Tan an aggregate of 478,200 restricted ordinary shares of the Company in full satisfaction of all obligations of the Company under the Tan First Loan and the Tan Second Loan. This conversion resulted in $210,408 modification of the loans as the five-day VWAP Price of the Company’s ordinary shares immediately preceding the conversion date is higher than $1.00 and reduced the carrying amount of the convertible debt instrument by $478,200 with a corresponding increase in additional paid-in capital of $688,608. This transaction also resulted in loss on debt settlement of $210,408.

On May 16, 2023, the Company signed settlement agreements (“Settlement Agreements 2”) with two third parties, Shine Link, and Menora, and a related party, 8i Holding, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Shine Link, Menora, and 8i Holding 87,500, 119,000, and 82,600 restricted ordinary shares of the Company, respectively, in full satisfaction of all obligations of the Company under the convertible notes balance set forth in Note 8 from Shine Link, Menora, and 8i Holding. These conversions resulted in $127,204 modification of the convertible notes as the five-day VWAP Price of the Company’s ordinary shares immediately preceding the conversion date was higher than $1.00 and reduced the carrying amount of the convertible debt instrument by $289,100 with a corresponding increase in additional paid-in capital of $416,304. These transactions also resulted in loss on debt settlement of $127,204.

On May 15, 2023, the Company issued to James Tan the Tan 2023 Note to replace the Tan 2022 Note. The Tan 2023 Note was an interest-free convertible promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $700,000. On May 15, 2023, James Tan elected to convert the entire unpaid principal in the amount of $700,000 of the Tan 2023 Note into ordinary shares of the Company at $1.00 per share in accordance with the terms of the Tan 2023 Note. On May 16, 2023, the Company issued to James Tan 700,000 ordinary shares in full satisfaction of the Tan 2023 Note. Pursuant to the terms of the Tan 2023 Note, the Company has agreed to register the 700,000 ordinary shares for resale. The Company refers to these 700,000 restricted ordinary shares as the “Converted Shares.” This conversion resulted in $308,000 modification of the convertible notes as the five-day VWAP Price of the Company’s ordinary shares immediately preceding the conversion date is higher than $1.00 and reduced the carrying amount of the convertible debt instrument by $700,000 with a corresponding increase in additional paid-in capital of $1,008,000. This transaction also resulted in loss on debt settlement of $308,000.

On May 16, 2023, the Company signed settlement agreement (“Chen Settlement Agreement”) with Kelvin Chen, the CEO of the Company, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Kelvin Chen an aggregate of 850,306 restricted ordinary shares of the Company in full satisfaction of Kelvin Chen’s claim for an aggregate amount of $850,306 provided to KRHSG from time to time since inception. Upon issuance of the restricted ordinary shares, the balance own to Kelvin Chen reduced to nil. In order to comply with Nasdaq’s shareholder approval requirement for issuance of stock to an executive officer of a company pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c), the Company and Dr. Chen amended the Chen Settlement Agreement by entering into a Supplemental Agreement (the “Supplemental Agreement”) on June 6, 2023, so that the shares issued to Dr. Chen would be issued at a per share price not less than the closing bid price of $1.47 per share on May 15, 2023, the day prior to the execution of the Chen Settlement Agreement. Pursuant to the Supplemental Agreement, Dr. Chen has agreed to release and discharge KRHSG of all claims in return for 578,439 ordinary shares at $1.47 per share, the closing bid price of EUDA ordinary shares on May 15, 2023. Dr. Chen has agreed to forfeit and surrender 271,867 ordinary shares of the 850,306 ordinary shares issued to him on May 16, 2023.

The following tables summarize the issuance of shares upon conversion of notes and settlement of debts discussed above:

	Settlement Agreement			Settlement Agreement 2			Tan 2023 Note			Chen Settlement Agreement			Total
Restricted Ordinary shares issued for settlements		478,200			289,100			700,000			578,439			2,045,739
Share price as of settlement date	$	1.44		$	1.44			1.44		$	1.47
Fair value of settlement shares	$	688,608		$	416,304			1,008,000		$	850,306		$	2,963,218
Debt settled on May 16, 2023	$	(478,200	)	$	(289,100	)		(700,000	)	$	(850,306	)	$	(2,317,606	)
Loss on Debt Settlements	$	210,408		$	127,204			308,000		$	-		$	645,612

Settlement of Prepaid Forward Contracts

The Company issued 1,600,000 ordinary shares on June 8, 2023 in connection with the settlement of the Prepaid Forward Contracts with a fair value of $2,368,000. The fair value was determined by using the Company’s closing bid price of $1.48 per share on June 8, 2023. Refer to Note 11 for further detail.

Warrants

In connection with the reverse recapitalization, the Company has assumed 8,917,250 Warrants outstanding, which consisted of 8,625,000 Public Warrants and 292,250 Private Warrants. Both of the Public Warrants and private warrant met the criteria for equity classification.

Warrants became exercisable on the later of (a) the completion of the reverse recapitalization or (b) 12 months from the closing of the initial public offering (“IPO”). The warrants will expire five years after the completion of a reverse recapitalization or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 8,625,000 Public Warrants outstanding and 292,250 Private Warrants outstanding. Each whole Public Warrant and Private Warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one-half share of the Company’s ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to the following conditions discussed below.

The Company may redeem the Public Warrants and Private Warrants in whole and not in part, at a price of $0.01 per warrant:

● at any time while the warrants are exercisable and prior to their expiration,

● upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each warrant holder,

● if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the ordinary shares equals or exceeds $16.50 per share (as adjusted for share splits, share dividends, reorganizations and recapitalizations), for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading days period ending on the third trading business day prior to the notice of redemption to warrant holders, and,

● if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the Ordinary Shares underlying the Warrants for each day in the 30-day trading period and continuing each day thereafter until the Redemption Date or the cashless exercise of the Warrants is exempt from the registration requirements under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”)

If the Company calls the warrants for redemption as described above, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement. The exercise price and number of ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted for splits, dividends, recapitalizations and other similar events. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants.

The only difference between Public Warrants and Private Warrants is that the Private Warrants will not be transferable, assignable or salable until after the completion of reverse recapitalization.

The summary of warrants activity is as follows:

Schedule of warrant activities

	Warrants Outstanding		Ordinary Shares Issuable		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Average Remaining Contractual Life
December 31, 2021		-		-	$	-		-
Granted		8,917,250		4,458,625	$	11.50		5.00
Forfeited		-		-	$	-		-
Exercised		-		-	$	-		-
December 31, 2022		8,917,250		4,458,625	$	11.50		4.88
Granted		-		-	$	-		-
Forfeited		-		-	$	-		-
Exercised		-		-	$	-		-
December 31, 2023		8,917,250		4,458,625	$	11.50		3.88

Earnout shares

As part of the Business Combination, Watermark is entitled to the 4,000,000 Earnout Shares of the Company’s no par value ordinary shares subject to the following four triggering events:

	●	1,000,000 additional Earnout Shares to be issued if during the period beginning on the Closing Date and ending on the first anniversary of the Closing Date, the Company’s share price is equal to or greater than Fifteen Dollars ($15.00) after the Closing Date (“Triggering Event 1”);
	●	1,000,000 additional Earnout Shares to be issued if during the period beginning on the first anniversary of the Closing Date and ending on the second anniversary of the Closing Date, the Company’s share price is equal to or greater than Twenty Dollars ($20.00) (“Triggering Event 2”);
	●	1,000,000 additional Earnout Shares to be issued if the consolidated audited financial statements of EUDA for the fiscal year commencing January 1, 2023 and ending December 31, 2023, reflect that EUDA has achieved both of the following financial metrics for such fiscal year: (x) revenues of at least $20,100,000 and (y) net income attributable to EUDA of at least $3,600,000 (“Triggering Event 3”);
	●	1,000,000 additional Earnout Shares to be issued if the consolidated audited financial statements of EUDA for the fiscal year commencing January 1, 2024 and ending December 31, 2024, reflect that EUDA has achieved both of the following financial metrics for such fiscal year: (x) revenues of at least $40,100,000 and (y) net income attributable to EUDA of at least $10,100,000 (“Triggering Event 4”).

The Earnout Shares are accounted for as equity classified equity instruments, were included as merger consideration as part of the Reverse Recapitalization and recorded in capital. The fair value of the Earnout Shares was estimated using a model based on multiple stock price paths developed through the use of a Monte Carlo simulation that incorporates into the valuation the possibility that the market condition targets may not be satisfied.

The fair value of the Earnout Shares for Triggering Event 1 and 2 was estimated using the following assumptions:

Closing date	November 17, 2022
Share price of the Company as of closing date	$	5.21
Average daily return rate		0.02	%
Daily volatility for Triggering Event 1		4.74	%
Daily volatility for Triggering Event 2		4.30	%
Daily volatility		4.30	%
Risk-free rate for Triggering Event 1		4.75	%
Risk-free rate for Triggering Event 2		4.49	%
Risk-free rate		4.49	%
Grant Price for Trigging Event 1	$	15.0
Grant Price for Trigging Event 2	$	20.0
Grant Price	$	20.0

As a result, the Company determined the fair value of the Earnout Shares for Triggering Event 1 and 2 is amounted to $1,926,610 and $3,273,019, respectively, and recorded the same amount in consolidated statements of change in shareholders’ equity (deficit) and consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as earnout share payment for the year ended December 31, 2022.

In addition, Company determined that the probabilities of achieving the revenue and net income thresholds are nil for Triggering Event 3 and 4 and estimated the fair value of the Earnout Shares of nil.

The entire disclosure for equity.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 1
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Total other payables and accrued liabilities

Schedule of other receivables (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Receivables [Abstract]
Employee advance and others	$ 1,711	$ 2,687
Allowance for credit losses
Total other receivables	$ 1,711	$ 2,687

Other receivables

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Receivables [Abstract]

Other receivables

Note 7 – Other receivables

Schedule of other receivables

	As of December 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022

Employee advance and others	$	1,711	$	2,687
Allowance for credit losses		-		-
Total other receivables	$	1,711	$	2,687

Movements of allowance for credit losses from other receivables are as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023		For the Year Ended December 31, 2022			For the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Beginning balance	$	-	$	-		$	-
Addition		-		2,209,825			-
Write-off		-		(2,209,825	)		-
Ending balance	$	-	$	-		$	-

Schedule of other payables and accrued liabilities (Details) - USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued expenses

^[1]

$ 823,345

$ 491,549

Accrued payroll

811,680

548,359

Accrued interests

^[2]

249,867

157,032

Others

2,520

2,870

$ 1,887,412

$ 1,199,810

[1]	The balance of accrued expenses represented amount due to third parties service providers which include marketing consulting service, IT related professional service, legal, audit and accounting fees, and other miscellaneous office related expenses.
[2]	The balance of accrued interests represented the balance of interest payable from right-of-use leases and short-term loan – third parties.

Schedule of goodwill (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Schedule of goodwill (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Balance		$ 992,686
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(21,457)
Impairment		(971,229)
Balance			992,686
Melana International Pte Limited [Member]
Balance		528,665
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(11,427)
Impairment		(517,238)
Balance			528,665
TriGlobal Security Pte Limited [Member]
Balance		464,021
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(10,030)
Impairment		(453,991)
Balance			$ 464,021

Schedule of operating and finance lease expenses

Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.

+ References + Details

Forward Purchase Agreements (Details Narrative) - USD ($)					12 Months Ended
	Jun. 08, 2023	Nov. 17, 2022	Nov. 09, 2022	Jul. 25, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Forward contract, fair value per share					$ 2.50
Prepaid forward purchase liability	$ 21,624,711	$ 7,409,550				$ 20,321,053
Change of fair value of prepaid forward purchase liability					$ 1,303,658	12,911,503
Number of ordinary shares issued	1,600,000	6,191,770		4,626,667	1,000,000
Shares issued per shares	$ 1.48
Loss on settlement of prepaid forward contracts					$ 2,635,816
EUDA [Member]
Number of ordinary shares issued	800,000
Forward Contracts [Member]
Forward contract, fair value per share			$ 2.50
Maximum [Member]
Shares issued per shares	$ 3.00
Number of ordinary shares issued	1,600,000
Minimum [Member]
Number of ordinary shares issued	800,000
Debt instrument trading percentage	15.00%
Prepaid Forward Agreement 1 [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Number of shares purchased			1,400,000
Prepaid Forward Agreement 2 [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Number of shares purchased			1,125,000
Prepaid Forward Agreement 2 [Member] \| Maximum [Member] \| Institutional Investors [Member]
Beneficially ownership percentage			9.90%

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Leases

Operating and finance lease expenses consist of the following:

		For the Years Ended
	Classification	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021

Operating lease cost
Lease expenses	General and administrative	$	123,366	$	87,692	$	58,602
Lease expenses – short-term	General and administrative		-		-		-
Finance lease cost
Amortization of leased asset	General and administrative		8,148		7,948		8,153
Interest on lease liabilities	Other expense -Interest expenses		2,584		1,276		1,639
Total lease expenses		$	134,098	$	96,916	$	68,394

Schedule of weighted average remaining term and discount rate

Weighted-average remaining term and discount rate related to leases were as follows:

	As of			As of
	December 31, 2023			December 31, 2022

Weighted-average remaining term
Operating lease		1.29 years			0.30 years
Finance leases		4.42 years			2.00 years
Weighted-average discount rate
Operating lease		7.35	%		5.25	%
Finance leases		9.60	%		5.25	%

Schedule of future minimum lease payments

The following table sets forth the Company’s minimum lease payments in future periods as of December 31, 2023:

	Operating lease			Finance lease
	payments			payments			Total
Twelve months ending December 31, 2024	$	132,210		$	7,959		$	140,169
Twelve months ending December 31, 2025		47,545			7,959			55,504
Twelve months ending December 31, 2026		-			7,959			7,959
Twelve months ending December 31, 2027		-			7,959			7,959
Twelve months ending December 31, 2028		-			10,603			10,603
Total lease payments		179,755			42,439			222,194
Less: discount		(11,478	)		(8,758	)		(20,236	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	168,277		$	33,681		$	201,958

Other receivables (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of other receivables

	As of December 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022

Employee advance and others	$	1,711	$	2,687
Allowance for credit losses		-		-
Total other receivables	$	1,711	$	2,687

Schedule of other receivables allowance for doubtful accounts

Movements of allowance for credit losses from other receivables are as follows:

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2023		For the Year Ended December 31, 2022			For the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Beginning balance	$	-	$	-		$	-
Addition		-		2,209,825			-
Write-off		-		(2,209,825	)		-
Ending balance	$	-	$	-		$	-

Schedule of issuance of shares upon conversion of notes and settlement of debts (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	May 16, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Restricted Ordinary shares issued for settlements		2,045,739
Fair value of settlement shares		$ 2,963,218
Debt settled on May 16, 2023		(2,317,606)
Loss on Debt Settlements		$ 645,612
Settlement Agreement [Member]
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Restricted Ordinary shares issued for settlements		478,200
Share price as of settlement date		$ 1.44
Fair value of settlement shares		$ 688,608
Debt settled on May 16, 2023		(478,200)
Loss on Debt Settlements	$ 210,408	$ 210,408
Settlement Agreement Two [Member]
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Restricted Ordinary shares issued for settlements		289,100
Share price as of settlement date		$ 1.44
Fair value of settlement shares		$ 416,304
Debt settled on May 16, 2023		(289,100)
Loss on Debt Settlements	127,204	$ 127,204
Tan 2023 Note [Member]
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Restricted Ordinary shares issued for settlements		700,000
Share price as of settlement date		$ 1.44
Fair value of settlement shares		$ 1,008,000
Debt settled on May 16, 2023		(700,000)
Loss on Debt Settlements		$ 308,000
Chen Settlement Agreement [Member]
Collaborative Arrangement and Arrangement Other than Collaborative [Line Items]
Restricted Ordinary shares issued for settlements		578,439
Share price as of settlement date		$ 1.47
Fair value of settlement shares	$ 850,306	$ 850,306
Debt settled on May 16, 2023		(850,306)
Loss on Debt Settlements

Going concern

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Going concern

Note 2 – Going concern

In assessing the Company’s going concern, the Company monitors and analyzes its cash on-hand and its operating and capital expenditure commitments. The Company’s liquidity needs are to meet its working capital requirements, operating expenses and capital expenditure obligations. Debt financing in the form of short-term borrowings from bank, private lender, third parties and related parties and cash generated from operations have been utilized to finance the working capital requirements of the Company. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s working capital deficit was approximately $8.0 million, and the Company had cash of approximately $0.2 million. The Company has experienced recurring losses from operations and negative cash flows from operating activities since 2020. In addition, the Company had, and may potentially continue to have, an ongoing need to raise additional cash from outside sources to fund its expansion plan and related operations. Successful transition to attaining profitable operations is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support the Company’s cost structure. In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern,” management has determined that these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that these consolidated financial statements are issued.

If the Company is unable to generate sufficient funds to finance the working capital requirements of the Company within the normal operating cycle of a twelve-month period from the date of these financial statements are issued, the Company may have to consider supplementing its available sources of funds through the following sources:

●	other available sources of financing from Singapore banks and other financial institutions or private lender; and
●	equity financing.

The Company can make no assurances that required financings will be available for the amounts needed, or on terms commercially acceptable to the Company, if at all. If one or all of these events does not occur or subsequent capital raises are insufficient to bridge financial and liquidity shortfall, there would likely be a material adverse effect on the Company and would materially adversely affect its ability to continue as a going concern.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern and, accordingly, do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Discontinued operations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Discontinued operations

Note 5 – Discontinued operations

In September 2023, the Board resolved on the plan to streamline its medical services practice, which was carried out through the entities of KRHSG, EUDA PL, ZKTV PL, SEMA, ED PL, KR Hill PL, ZKT PL, KR Digital, and Zukihealth, as the Company is in the process of transitioning its business to other medical service fields. The streamlining of the Company’s medical services practice was accounted for as a discontinued operation because it represented a strategic shift that had a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results in accordance with ASC 205-20-45.

Reconciliation of the carrying amounts of major classes of assets and liabilities from discontinued operations in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash	$	8,549	$	85,483
Accounts receivable, net		66,618		1,658,652
Other receivables		7,509		4,778
Due from related parties		1,228		267,863
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		18,935		67,261
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS OF DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS		102,839		2,084,037
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET		-		20,102
OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS		-		40,053
TOTAL ASSETS OF DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS	$	102,839	$	2,144,192

LIABILITIES
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Short term loans - bank and private lender	$	192,717	$	204,240
Accounts payable		1,943,218		1,635,484
Other payables and accrued liabilities		251,902		393,004
Other payables - related parties		236,231		180,899
Operating lease liability		-		43,486
Taxes payable		-		68,608
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES OF DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS		2,624,068		2,525,721
TOTAL LIABILITIES OF DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS	$	2,624,068	$	2,525,721

Reconciliation of the amounts of major classes of income and losses from discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

	2023			2022			2021
	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023			2022			2021

REVENUE	$	992,791		$	6,076,415		$	5,986,030

COST OF REVENUE		800,185			3,592,217			2,991,661

GROSS PROFIT		192,606			2,484,198			2,994,369

OPERATING EXPENSES
Selling		217,122			967,299			924,779
General and administrative		1,562,114			1,338,202			2,608,559
Research and development		19,187			17,209			129,265
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES		1,798,423			2,322,710			3,662,603

(LOSS) INCOME FROM OPERATIONS		(1,605,817	)		161,488			(668,234	)

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET		5,532			(64,618	)		(52,553	)

(LOSS) INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES		(1,600,285	)		96,870			(720,787	)

PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES		1,038			38,211			1,653

NET (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO EUDA	$	(1,601,323	)	$	58,659		$	(722,440	)

Reconciliation of the amount of cash flows from discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

	2023			2022			2021
	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023			2022			2021

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from discontinued operations	$	295,967		$	(1,439,028	)	$	830,192

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from discontinued operations	$	-		$	(21,542	)	$	18,215

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities from discontinued operations	$	(371,888	)	$	1,480,803		$	(879,063	)

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
NET (LOSS) INCOME	$ (10,036,104)	$ (24,949,246)	$ 900,396
Net (loss) income from discontinued operations	(1,601,323)	58,659	(722,440)
Net (loss) income from continuing operations	(8,434,781)	(25,007,905)	1,622,836
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities of continuing operations:
Depreciation	4,886	5,499	5,008
Amortization of intangible assets		115,907	162,825
Amortization of operating right-of-use asset	106,314	42,662	58,602
Amortization of finance right-of-use assets	8,148	7,948	8,153
Provision for credit losses	2,463	2,759,817
Deferred taxes expenses (benefits)		(48,228)	(27,680)
Investment income			(1,917,062)
Gain on termination of finance lease	(7,174)
Earnout payment		5,199,629
Impairment loss on goodwill		971,229
Impairment loss on intangible assets		167,787
Change in fair value of prepaid forward purchase liabilities	1,303,658	12,911,503
Loss on settlement of prepaid forward contracts	2,635,816
Loss on debt settlement	645,612
Gain from forgiveness on promissory note	(10,000)
Change in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	(33,966)	141,955	(92,902)
Other receivables	1,000	1,587,372	5,832
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	61,629	21,899	(12,817)
Accounts payable	1,269
Other payables and accrued liabilities	519,709	1,115,385	(142,903)
Taxes payable	87,869	(37,597)	5,960
Operating lease liability	(106,314)	(42,662)	(62,124)
Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations	(3,213,862)	(87,800)	(386,272)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from discontinued operations	295,967	(1,439,028)	830,192
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(2,917,895)	(1,526,828)	443,920
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of equipment			(1,101)
Loan to third party		(246,664)	(373,297)
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations		(246,664)	(374,398)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from discontinued operations		(21,542)	18,215
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(268,206)	(356,183)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Issuance of ordinary shares		500,000
Capital contributions		600,000
Issuance of ordinary shares through private placements	790,000
Proceeds from the Reverse Recapitalization		1,324,961
Payments of merger costs		(1,305,580)
Repayments from other receivable - related parties		272,489	37,164
Proceeds from short-term loans - third parties			148,834
Proceeds from short-term loans - related parties	1,237,642
Borrowings from other payables - related parties	208,917	1,404,915	243,982
Payment of finance lease liabilities	(5,945)	(6,502)	(6,686)
Borrowings from (repayments to) discontinued operations entities	493,769	(1,782,139)	287,396
Net cash provided by financing activities from continuing operations	2,724,383	1,008,144	710,690
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities from discontinued operations	(371,888)	1,480,803	(879,063)
Net cash provided by financing activities	2,352,495	2,488,947	(168,373)
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES	(21,531)	(99,424)	19,865
NET CHANGE IN CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH	(586,931)	594,489	(60,771)
CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH, beginning of the year	784,485	189,996	250,767
CASH AND RESTRICTED CASH, end of the year	197,554	784,485	189,996
Less: Cash and restricted cash from discontinued operations	(8,549)	(85,483)	(66,586)
Cash and restricted cash from continuing operations, end of year	189,005	699,002	123,410
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for income tax	42,900	156,339	30,185
Cash paid for interest	17,520	19,588	110,835
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Initial recognition of operating right-of-use assets and lease liabilities	236,705	105,350	125,834
Initial recognition of financing right-of-use assets and lease liabilities	36,204
Derecognition of financing right-of-use assets upon lease termination	12,918
Derecognition of financing lease liabilities upon lease termination	19,297
Issuance of ordinary shares upon conversion of convertible notes	1,424,304
Issuance of ordinary shares upon settlement of debts	1,538,914
Issuance of ordinary shares upon settlement of prepaid forward contracts	2,368,000
Reclassification of other payables and accrued liabilities upon settlement of a promissory note	160,000
Initial recognition of payables to former subsidiary upon disposal of subsidiary		319,158
Conversion of debt into a promissory note		170,000
Conversion of debts into convertible notes		206,500
Forgiveness of debt by a related party		2,763,018
Issuance of ordinary shares upon the Reverse Recapitalization		$ 11,911,459

Leases (Details Narrative)	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases
Effective interest rate	9.60%

Subsequent events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent events

Note 20 – Subsequent events

Convertible Loan dated January 16, 2024 and Automatic Conversion

On January 16, 2024, the Company and Gilandi Limited, a British Virgin Islands company (“Gilandi”) entered into a Convertible Loan Agreement pursuant to which Gilandi has agreed to lend to the Company a convertible loan in the principal amount of $500,000 to be paid in two (2) tranches of $250,000 each by January 31, 2024 and March 31, 2024 (the “Convertible Loan 1”). The Convertible Loan shall bear interests of 8% per annum until Mach 31, 2024 (the “Maturity Date”). Outstanding balance of the Convertible Loan on the Maturity Date will automatically convert to the Company’s ordinary shares at $1.00 per share. On January 17, 2024, the Company sold and issued to Gilandi convertible note in the principal amount of $250,000 pursuant to the Convertible Loan Agreement.

On March 28, 2024, the Company received the second tranche of $250,000 from Gilandi. Pursuant to the Gilandi Loan Agreement, an aggregate amount of $500,000 of the loan automatically converted into the Company’s ordinary shares at $1.00 per share on March 31, 2024, and the Company issued to Gilandi 500,000 restricted ordinary shares.

Settlement Agreements with Executive Officers and Executive Director

On March 15, 2024, the Company and Kelvin Chen, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, entered into a Settlement Agreement (the “Chen Settlement Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company has agreed to issue 166,653 restricted ordinary shares to Mr. Chen (based on the per share closing price of $1.275 as of March 14, 2024) in full satisfaction of $212,484 of salaries and other compensation owed to Mr. Chen as of December 31, 2023.

On March 15, 2024, the Company and Steven Sobak, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, entered into a Settlement Agreement (the “Sobak Settlement Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company has agreed to issue 75,059 restricted ordinary shares to Mr. Sobak (based on the per share closing price of $1.275 as of March 14, 2024) in full satisfaction of $95,700 of salaries and other compensation owed to Mr. Sobak as of December 31, 2023.

On March 15, 2024, the Company and Alfred Lim, the Company’s Executive Director, entered into a Settlement Agreement (the “Lim Settlement Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company has agreed to issue 53,649 restricted ordinary shares to Mr. Lim (based on the per share closing price of $1.275 as of March 14, 2024) in full satisfaction of $68,403 of salaries and other compensation owed to Mr. Lim as of December 31, 2023.

Debt Obligations and Settlement Agreements with Meng Dong (James) Tan

On May 26, 2023, the Company borrowed from Meng Dong (James) Tan, a significant shareholder of the Company, an aggregate amount of $22,500, or a total of $24,004 with unpaid and accrued interests at 8% per annum (the “James Tan Loan”). Pursuant to a Settlement Agreement between the Company and Mr. Tan dated March 15, 2024 (the “James Tan Settlement Agreement”), the Company has agreed to issue Mr. Tan a convertible note in the aggregate amount of $24,004 (the “James Tan Convertible Note”) in full satisfaction of the James Tan Loan, and Mr. Tan has agreed to (i) exchange James Tan Loan for the James Tan Convertible Note; (ii) extend the maturity date of the James Tan Loan to March 14, 2025; and (iii) allow the outstanding unpaid balance of the James Tan Loan to bear no interest for the next twelve months until March 14, 2025.

Since May 15, 2023, 8i Enterprises Pte Ltd (“8iEPL), a company owned by Mr. Tan, has been rendering certain advisory services for the Company. Pursuant to a certain Settlement Agreement between the Company and 8iEPL dated March 15, 2024 (the “8iEPL Settlement Agreement”), the Company has agreed to pay 8iEPL for a total sum of $180,000 for such advisory services (the “Services Payment”). Between May 15, 2023 and February 28, 2024, the Company has borrowed from 8iEPL an aggregate amount of $712,254, or a total of $731,373 with unpaid and accrued interests at 8% per annum (the “8iEPL Loan”). Pursuant to the 8iEPL Settlement Agreement, the Company has agreed to pay 8iEPL in full satisfaction of both the Services Payment and the 8iEPL Loan in the form a convertible note in the aggregate amount of $911,373 (the “8iEPL Convertible Note”).

Convertible Loan Agreement dated April 16, 2024

On April 16, 2024, the Company and Affluence Resource Pte. Ltd., a Singapore company (“Affluence”) entered into a convertible loan agreement (the “Convertible Loan Agreement”) pursuant to which Affluence has agreed to lend to the Company a convertible loan in the principal amount of $1,000,000 to be paid in two (2) tranches of $500,000 each by April 18, 2024 and May 15, 2024 (the “Convertible Loan 2”). The Convertible Loan shall bear interest of 12% per annum from the date it is remitted to April 30, 2025 (the “Maturity Date”) or the date when the Affluence sends the Company a written notice to convert any unpaid principal amount of the Convertible Loan with accrued interests (the “Outstanding Sum”) into ordinary shares of the Company (the “Conversion Notice”), whichever is earlier. Anytime on or before May 31, 2024, Affluence may send the Company a Conversion Notice to convert the then Outstanding Sum into ordinary shares of the Company at $1.00 per share. Anytime after May 31, 2024, Affluence may send the Company a Conversion Notice to convert the then Outstanding Sum into ordinary shares of the Company at $1.42 per share. The Company has no right of early repayment of any part of the Convertible Loan without Affluence’s written consent. Any Outstanding Sum on the Maturity Date will be automatically converted into ordinary shares of the Company at $1.42 per share.

Second Supplemental Agreement with Alfred Lim, Executive Director of the Company

Pursuant to the loan agreement dated February 2, 2023 between the Company and Alfred Lim, the Company’s Executive Director, Mr. Lim gave the Company a loan in the amount of $128,750 (the “Loan”) at an interest rate of 8% per annum, with a maturity date of March 31, 2023. Parties entered into a Supplemental Agreement dated March 31, 2023 to extend the maturity date of the Loan to December 31, 2023. On April 16, 2024, the Company and Mr. Lim entered into another Supplemental Agreement to further extend the maturity date of the Loan to June 30, 2024.

Fee Settlement Agreement

In connection with the business combination transaction of the Company (formerly known as 8i Acquisition Corp) in November 2022, the Company entered into an agreement dated November 16, 2022 (the “Agreement”) with Loeb & Loeb LLP (“Loeb”) pursuant to which Loeb was issued a promissory note in the principal amount of $300,000 (the “Note”) and 60,000 restricted ordinary shares (the “Shares”) of the Company at the assumed price of $5.00 per share. In the event that the Note is repaid in full in cash on or before its due date on November 16, 2023, Loeb has agreed to return all Shares to the Company for cancellation. On April 25, 2024, the Company and Loeb entered into a Fee Settlement Agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) pursuant to which among other things, (i) the Company has agreed to repay the Note in full by making cash payments to Loeb in three equal installments of $100,000, with the first installment due on or prior to April 30, 2024, the second installment on or prior to May 31, 2024 and the third installment on or prior to June 30, 2024; and (ii) Loeb is entitled to retain the Shares and the sales proceeds of the Shares will not be used to satisfy the Note.

Acquisition of Fortress Cove Limited

On May 6, 2024, the Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement with certain persons named therein (the “Share Purchase Agreement”) for the acquisition of all outstanding shares of Fortress Cove Limited (“Fortress Cove”), a British Virgin Islands company which is the sole legal and beneficial owner of the entire share capital of CK Health Plus Sdn Bhd, a Malaysian company (“CK Health”) in the direct sale business of holistic wellness consumer products in Malaysia. Pursuant to the Share Purchase Agreement, EUDA has agreed to acquire the entire issued capital of Fortress Cove for an aggregate consideration of 10,000,000 newly issued ordinary shares, valued at approximately $15.0 million based upon the enterprise fair value of CK Health appraised by an independent third-party valuation firm. An additional one million ordinary shares will be issued to the persons named in the Share Purchase Agreement if certain financial performance milestones based on CK Health’s net income for the fiscal years 2024 and 2025 are met. The acquisition closed on May 8, 2024. Meng Dong (James) Tan, a significant shareholder of EUDA is also a 40% shareholder of Fortress Cove Limited.

Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Principles of consolidation

Basis of presentation

Use of estimates

Foreign currency translation and transaction

Translation of foreign currencies into US$1 have been made at the following exchange rates for the respective periods:

As of and for the Year Ended

December 31, 2023

As of and for the Year Ended

December 31, 2022

For the Year Ended

December 31, 2021

Period-end SGD: US$1 exchange rate

1.32

1.34

1.35

Period-average SGD: US$1 exchange rate

1.34

1.38

1.34

Non-controlling interests

Segment reporting

Cash and restricted cash

Accounts receivable, net

Other receivables

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Property and equipment, net

		Expected useful lives
Office equipment		3 years
Leasehold improvement		Shorter of the lease term or 5 years

Intangible assets, net

Schedule of intangible assets net

Categories		Useful life
Customer relationships		6 years

Goodwill

Impairment for long-lived assets

Warrants

Forward Purchase Receivables and Prepaid Forward Purchase Liabilities

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition policies for the revenue stream is as follows:

Property Management Services

- Performance obligation satisfied over a period of time

Disaggregated information of revenues by products/services are as follows:

Schedule of revenue


	For the Years Ended
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Property management service – common area management	$	2,628,073	$	2,919,335	$	3,508,663
Property management service – security management		1,078,385		844,960		1,049,857
Total revenues	$	3,706,458	$	3,764,295	$	4,558,520

Cost of revenues

Property Management Services

Cost of revenues mainly consists of labor expenses incurred attributable to property management service.

Disaggregated information of cost of revenues by products/services are as follows:

Schedule of cost of revenue


	For the Years Ended
	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Property management services – common area management	$	1,983,009	$	2,210,703	$	2,461,981
Property management services – security management		881,374		683,593		846,555
Total cost of revenues	$	2,864,383	$	2,894,296	$	3,308,536

Advertising costs

Defined contribution plan

The related contribution plans include:

Singapore subsidiaries

- Central Provident Fund (“CPF”) – 17.00% based on employee’s monthly salary for employees aged 55 and below, reduces progressively to 7.5% as age increase;

- Skill Development Levy (“SDL”) – up to 0.25% based on employee’s monthly salary capped approximately $8.3 (SGD 11.25) for each employee.

Goods and services taxes (“GST”)

Income taxes

Discontinued operations

Comprehensive income (loss)

(Loss) earnings per share

The Company calculates basic and diluted (loss)/earnings per share for continuing operations as follows:

	2023			2022			2021
	For the Years Ended December 31
	2023			2022			2021

Numerator
Net (loss) income from continuing operations	$	(8,434,781	)	$	(25,007,905	)	$	1,622,836
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest from continuing operations		3,377			(65,124	)		35,567
Net (loss)/income attributable to common shareholders, basic	$	(8,438,158	)	$	(24,942,781	)	$	1,587,269
Denominator
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted		22,900,631			12,029,656			9,253,333
(Loss)/earnings per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.37	)	$	(2.07	)	$	0.17

The Company calculates basic and diluted (loss)/earnings per share for discontinued operations as follows:

	For the Years Ended December 31
	2023			2022		2021

Numerator
Net (loss)/income attributable to common shareholders, basic	$	(1,601,323	)	$	58,659	$	(722,440	)
Denominator
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted		22,900,631			12,029,656		9,253,333
(Loss)/earnings per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.07	)	$	0.00	$	(0.08	)

Fair value measurements

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The Company did not have any financial assets or liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023.

The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy our financial liability that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022:

	Carrying Value at		Fair Value Measurement at December 31, 2022
	December 31, 2022		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Prepaid forward purchase liabilities	$	20,321,053	$	-	$	-	$	20,321,053

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of the financial liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Prepaid forward purchase liabilities
Beginning balance as of November 17, 2022	$	7,409,550
Change in fair value of prepaid forward purchase liabilities		12,911,503
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	20,321,053
Change in fair value of prepaid forward purchase liabilities		1,303,658
Derecognition of prepaid forward purchase liabilities		(21,624,711	)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	-

Leases

	●	The lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease term;
	●	The lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the underlying asset that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise;
	●	The lease term is for 75% or more of the remaining economic life of the underlying asset, unless the commencement date falls within the last 25% of the economic life of the underlying asset;
	●	The present value of the sum of the lease payments equals or exceeds 90% of the fair value of the underlying asset; or
	●	The underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term.

Leases that do not meet any of the above criteria are accounted for as operating leases.

The Company combines lease and non-lease components in its contracts under Topic 842, when permissible.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

Schedule of future minimum lease payments (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Leases
Operating lease payments, 2024	$ 132,210
Finance lease payments, 2024	7,959
Total 2024	140,169
Operating lease payments, 2025	47,545
Finance lease payments, 2025	7,959
Total 2025	55,504
Operating lease payments, 2026
Finance lease payments, 2026	7,959
Total 2026	7,959
Operating lease payments, 2027
Finance lease payments, 2027	7,959
Total 2027	7,959
Operating lease payments, 2028
Finance lease payments, 2028	10,603
Total 2028	10,603
Total Operating lease payments	179,755
Total Finance lease payments	42,439
Total lease payments	222,194
Total Operating lease payments, discount	(11,478)
Total Finance lease payments, discount	(8,758)
Total, discount	(20,236)
Present value of lease liabilities, operating lease payments	168,277
Present value of lease liabilities, finance lease payments	33,681
Present value of lease liabilities, total	$ 201,958

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities (Details) (Parenthetical)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Increase (Decrease), Amount	$ 42,717

Goodwill (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill from Melana reporting unit and Tri-Global reporting unit are as follows:

Schedule of goodwill

	Melana			Tri-Global			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	528,665		$	464,021		$	992,686
Balance	$	528,665		$	464,021		$	992,686
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(11,427	)		(10,030	)		(21,457	)
Impairment		(517,238	)		(453,991	)		(971,229	)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	-		$	-		$	-
Balance	$	-		$	-		$	-

Tabular disclosure of goodwill by reportable segment and in total which includes a rollforward schedule.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Schedule of related party balances

Related party balances and transactions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Other payables – related parties

Name of Related Party	Relationship	Nature	As of December 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022

Kelvin Chen	CEO and shareholder of the Company	Operating expense paid on behalf of the Company	$	2,779	$	546,588
Kent Ridge Health Pte Ltd	Shareholders of this entity also are the shareholders of the Company	Operating expense paid on behalf of the Company		547,214		762,472
UG Digital Sdn Bhd	UGD, subsidiary of the Company owned 40% of this company	Operating expense paid on behalf of the Company		11,502		31,986
8i Enterprises Ptd Ltd	Shareholders of this entity also are the shareholders of the Company	Operating expense paid on behalf of the Company		135,000		-
Total			$	696,495	$	1,341,046
Other payables – related parties			$	696,495	$	1,341,046

Consolidated Statements of Change in Shareholders' Equity (Deficit) - USD ($)

Common Stock [Member]

Retained Earnings [Member]

AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]

Noncontrolling Interest [Member]

Total

BALANCE at Dec. 31, 2020

$ 334,863

$ (684,496)

$ (10,956)

$ 43,234

$ (317,355)

BALANCE, shares at Dec. 31, 2020

^[1]

9,253,333

Net (loss) income

864,829

35,567

900,396

Foreign currency translation adjustment

16,992

17,009

BALANCE at Dec. 31, 2021

$ 334,863

180,333

6,036

78,818

600,050

BALANCE, shares at Dec. 31, 2021

^[1]

9,253,333

Net (loss) income

(24,884,122)

(65,124)

(24,949,246)

Foreign currency translation adjustment

(131,725)

(216)

(131,941)

Capital contributions

$ 600,000

600,000

Capital contributions, shares

^[1]

120,000

Forgiveness of debt by a related party

$ 2,763,018

2,763,018

Earnout shares payment

5,199,629

Issuance of ordinary shares

$ 500,000

500,000

Issuance of ordinary shares upon the Reverse Recapitalization

^[1]

4,626,667

$ 11,911,459

11,911,459

Issuance of ordinary shares upon the Reverse Recapitalization, shares

^[1]

6,191,770

BALANCE at Dec. 31, 2022

$ 21,308,969

(24,703,789)

(125,689)

13,478

(3,507,031)

BALANCE, shares at Dec. 31, 2022

^[1]

20,191,770

Net (loss) income

(10,039,481)

3,377

(10,036,104)

Foreign currency translation adjustment

(59,779)

(240)

$ (60,019)

Issuance of ordinary shares through private placements

1,000,000

$ 790,000

Issuance of ordinary shares through private placements, shares

^[1]

790,000

Issuance of ordinary shares upon conversion of convertible notes

$ 1,424,304

1,424,304

Issuance of ordinary shares upon conversion of convertible notes, shares

^[1]

989,100

Issuance of ordinary shares upon settlement of debts

$ 1,538,914

1,538,914

Issuance of ordinary shares upon settlement of debts, shares

^[1]

1,056,639

Issuance of ordinary shares upon settlement of prepaid forward contracts

$ 2,368,000

2,368,000

Issuance of ordinary shares upon settlement of prepaid forward contracts, shares

^[1]

1,600,000

BALANCE at Dec. 31, 2023

$ 27,430,187

$ (34,743,270)

$ (185,468)

$ 16,615

$ (7,481,936)

BALANCE, shares at Dec. 31, 2023

^[1]

24,627,509

[1]	Giving retroactive effect to reverse recapitalization effected on November 17, 2022

Discontinued operations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]

Schedule of discontinued operation of financial statements

Reconciliation of the carrying amounts of major classes of assets and liabilities from discontinued operations in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash	$	8,549	$	85,483
Accounts receivable, net		66,618		1,658,652
Other receivables		7,509		4,778
Due from related parties		1,228		267,863
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		18,935		67,261
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS OF DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS		102,839		2,084,037
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET		-		20,102
OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS		-		40,053
TOTAL ASSETS OF DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS	$	102,839	$	2,144,192

LIABILITIES
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Short term loans - bank and private lender	$	192,717	$	204,240
Accounts payable		1,943,218		1,635,484
Other payables and accrued liabilities		251,902		393,004
Other payables - related parties		236,231		180,899
Operating lease liability		-		43,486
Taxes payable		-		68,608
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES OF DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS		2,624,068		2,525,721
TOTAL LIABILITIES OF DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS	$	2,624,068	$	2,525,721

	2023			2022			2021
	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023			2022			2021

REVENUE	$	992,791		$	6,076,415		$	5,986,030

COST OF REVENUE		800,185			3,592,217			2,991,661

GROSS PROFIT		192,606			2,484,198			2,994,369

OPERATING EXPENSES
Selling		217,122			967,299			924,779
General and administrative		1,562,114			1,338,202			2,608,559
Research and development		19,187			17,209			129,265
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES		1,798,423			2,322,710			3,662,603

(LOSS) INCOME FROM OPERATIONS		(1,605,817	)		161,488			(668,234	)

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET		5,532			(64,618	)		(52,553	)

(LOSS) INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES		(1,600,285	)		96,870			(720,787	)

PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES		1,038			38,211			1,653

NET (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO EUDA	$	(1,601,323	)	$	58,659		$	(722,440	)

Reconciliation of the amount of cash flows from discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

	2023			2022			2021
	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2023			2022			2021

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from discontinued operations	$	295,967		$	(1,439,028	)	$	830,192

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from discontinued operations	$	-		$	(21,542	)	$	18,215

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities from discontinued operations	$	(371,888	)	$	1,480,803		$	(879,063	)

Tabular disclosure of information related to a disposal group. Includes, but is not limited to, a discontinued operation, disposal classified as held-for-sale or disposed of by means other than sale or disposal of an individually significant component.

Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 205
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Forward Purchase Agreements

Forward Purchase Agreements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Forward Purchase Agreements

Note 11 – Forward Purchase Agreements

On November 9, 2022 and November 13, 2022, 8i, EHL, and certain institutional investors, HB Strategies LLC (the “Seller 1”) and Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC - Segregated Master Portfolio B (“Seller 2”) entered into an agreement (the “Prepaid Forward Agreement 1” and “Prepaid Forward Agreement 2”), respectively, for an equity prepaid forward transaction (the “Prepaid Forward Transaction 1” and “Prepaid Forward Transaction 2”).

Pursuant to the terms of the Prepaid Forward Agreements, Seller 1 and Seller 2 may (i) purchase through a broker in the open market, from holders of Shares other than 8i Acquisition or affiliates thereof, 8i Acquisition’s ordinary shares, no par value, (the “Shares”), or (ii) reverse Seller 1’s and Seller 2’s prior exercise of redemption rights as to Shares in connection with the Business Combination (all such purchased or reversed Shares, the “Recycled Shares 1” and “Recycled Shares 2”, respectively). While Seller 1 and Seller 2 has no obligation to purchase any Shares under the Prepaid Forward Agreement 1 and Prepaid Forward Agreement 2, the aggregate total Recycled Shares 1 and Recycled Shares 2 that may be purchased or reversed under the Prepaid Forward Agreement 1 and Prepaid Forward Agreement 2 shall be no more than 1,400,000 shares and 1,125,000 shares, respectively. Seller 1 and Seller 2 have agreed to hold the Recycled Shares 1 and Recycled Shares 2, for the benefit of (a) 8i Acquisition until the closing of the Business Combination (the “Closing”) and (b) the Company after the Closing (each a “Counterparty”). Seller 1 and Seller 2 also may not beneficially own greater than 9.9% of issued and outstanding Shares following the Business Combination.

The key terms of the forward contracts are as follows:

- Sellers can terminate the Transaction no later than the later of: (a) Third Local Business Day following the Optional Early Termination (“OET”); (b) the first Payment Date after the OET Date which shall specify the quantity by which the Number of Shares is to be reduced (such quantity, the “Terminated Shares”) Seller shall terminate the Transaction in respect of any Shares sold on or prior to the Maturity Date. The Counterparty is entitled to an amount from the Seller equal to the number of terminated shares multiplied by the Reset Price.

-Seller 1 and Seller 2 are entitled to receive the Maturity Consideration, an amount equal to the product of: (1) Number of Recycled Shares specified in the Pricing Date Notice, less(b) the number of Terminated Shares multiplied by (2) USD 2.50 (the “Maturity Consideration”), in cash. The Company can also pay the Seller 1 and Seller 2 shares based on the Company’s average volume weighted average share price (“VWAP”) of the Shares over 30 Scheduled Trading Days ending on the Maturity Date. Such settlement consideration or OET is considered to be an embedded feature (or instrument) with in the Prepaid Forward Transaction 1 and 2.

- The Prepaid Forward Transaction 1 and 2 required physical settlement by repurchase of remaining of the recycled shares in exchange for cash and if either the amount to be paid or the settlement date varies based on specified conditions, the earlier of a) first anniversary of the closing of the transactions between Counterparty and EUDA on November 18, 2022 or b) the date specified by Seller in a written notice to be delivered at Seller’s discretion (not earlier than the day such notice is effective) after the occurrence of a VWAP Trigger Event, those instruments shall be measured subsequently at the amount of cash that would be paid under the conditions specified in the contract if settlement occurred at the reporting date, recognizing the resulting change in that amount from the previous reporting date as interest cost, which we recorded as change in fair value of prepaid forward purchase liability.

In accordance with ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, the Company has determined that the prepaid forward contract is a financial instrument other than a share that represent or are indexed to obligations to repurchase the issuer’s equity shares by transferring assets, referred to herein as the “prepaid forward purchase liability” on its consolidated balance sheets. The Company initially measure the prepaid forward purchase liability at fair value and measured subsequently at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings.

As of the closing of the Business Combination on November 17, 2022, the fair value of the prepaid forward purchase liability was $7,409,550. As of December 31, 2023, June 8, 2023 (settlement date) and December 31, 2022, the prepaid forward purchase liabilities amounted to nil, $21,624,711 and $20,321,053, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the change of fair value of the prepaid forward purchase liability was amounted to a loss of $1,303,658 and $12,911,503, respectively.

On June 8, 2023, the Company and the Seller 1 and Seller 2 entered into amendments to the Prepaid Forward Agreement 1 and Prepaid Forward Agreement 2 (together, the “Amendments”), to amend the definition of “Maturity Consideration,” such that, Maturity Consideration shall consist of 800,000 ordinary shares of EUDA to be issued to the each Seller by the Company. Pursuant to the Prepaid Forward Agreement 1 and Prepaid Forward Agreement 2, the maturity date of the Prepaid Forward Transactions (the “Maturity Date”) may be accelerated by the Sellers after any occurrence wherein during any 30 consecutive trading-day period, the dollar volume-weighted average price of the Company’s ordinary shares for 20 trading days is less than $3.00 per share. Pursuant to the Amendments, the parties agreed that the Prepaid Forward Transactions shall be accelerated as of the date of the Amendments, and accordingly, the 800,000 ordinary shares (or 1,600,000 ordinary shares in the aggregate), became immediately due and payable to the Sellers upon execution of the Amendments. The Amendments provide the Sellers with registration rights for the ordinary shares issuable as Maturity Consideration, and also prohibit the Sellers from selling such ordinary shares on any exchange business day in an amount greater than 15% of the daily trading volume of the Company’s ordinary shares on such day. In addition, as of June 8, 2023 (the “Maturity Date”), the Sellers became entitled to retain (a) the remaining prepayment amount paid from the Company’s trust account to the Sellers upon consummation of the Company’s business combination, and (b) the remaining ordinary shares held by each Seller that were subject to the Prepaid Forward Transactions. Pursuant to the Amendments, no other fees, consideration or other amounts are due to the Seller or the Company upon the Maturity Date. These 1,600,000 ordinary shares were issued on June 8, 2023 pursuant to the agreement. As a result, the Company recognized $2,635,816 loss of settlement on the Prepaid Forward Agreements for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Schedule of movements of allowance for doubtful accounts (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Credit Loss [Abstract]
Beginning balance
Addition	2,463
Exchange rate effect	41
Ending balance	$ 2,504

Schedule of accounts receivable (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Credit Loss [Abstract]
Accounts receivable	$ 239,978	$ 192,851
Allowance for credit losses	(2,504)
Total accounts receivable, net	$ 237,474	$ 192,851

Schedule of related party balances (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Kelvin Chen [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Other payables – related parties	$ 2,779	$ 546,588
Kent Ridge Health Pte Ltd [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Other payables – related parties	547,214	762,472
UG Digital Sdn Bhd [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Other payables – related parties	11,502	31,986
8i Enterprises Ptd Ltd [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Other payables – related parties	135,000
Related Party [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Other payables – related parties	$ 696,495	$ 1,341,046

Schedule of short-term loans (Details) (Paranthetical) - USD ($)			12 Months Ended
	Feb. 15, 2023	Nov. 16, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Other payables and accrued liabilities			$ 1,887,412		$ 1,199,810
Equal installments			100,000
Fee Settlement Agreement [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Equal installments		$ 100,000
Promissory Note [Member] \| Settlement Agreement [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Convertible promissory note				$ 60,000
Other payables and accrued liabilities			$ 60,000
Kaufaman & Canoles, P.C. (KC) [Member] \| Promissory Note [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Interest Rate	15.00%		0.00%
Convertible promissory note					$ 170,000
Kaufaman & Canoles, P.C. (KC) [Member] \| Promissory Note [Member] \| Settlement Agreement [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Convertible promissory note				$ 100,000
Meng Dong James Tan [Member] \| 8i Holdings 2 Ptd Ltd [Member]
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Bank/Private lender Name			10.00%

Schedule of consolidated financial statement (Details) - CNY (¥)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Apr. 19, 2022

Apr. 15, 2022

Mar. 01, 2022

Aug. 03, 2021

Aug. 01, 2021

Jul. 24, 2021

EUDA Health Limited [Member]

EUDA Health Limited (“EHL”)

100.00%

Kent Ridge Healthcare SingaporePte Ltd [Member]

Jun. 08, 2021

^[1]

Kent Ridge Healthcare Singapore Pte. Ltd. (“KRHSG”)

100.00%

EUDA Private Limited [Member]

Nov. 09, 2017

^[1]

EUDA Private Limited (“EUDA PL”)

100.00%

Zukitek Vietnam Private Limited Liability Company [Member]

Apr. 13, 2018

^[1]

Zukitek Vietnam Private Limited Liability Company (“ZKTV PL”)

100.00%

Singapore Emergency Medical Assistance Private Limited [Member]

May 02, 2019

^[1]

Singapore Emergency Medical Assistance Private Limited (“SEMA”)

100.00%

The Good Clinic Private Limited [Member]

Mar. 18, 2019

^[1],[2]

The Good Clinic Private Limited (“TGC”)

100.00%

EUDA Doctor Private Limited [Member]

Apr. 08, 2020

^[1],[3]

EUDA Doctor Private Limited (“ED PL”)

100.00%

Kent Ridge Hill Private Limited [Member]

Dec. 01, 2021

^[1],[3]

Kent Ridge Hill Private Limited (“KR Hill PL”) (1) (4)

100.00%

Kent Ridge Health Limited [Member]

Dec. 01, 2021

Kent Ridge Health Limited (“KRHL”)

100.00%

Zukitech Private Limited [Member]

Jun. 08, 2021

^[1],[3]

Zukitech Private Limited (“ZKT PL”)

100.00%

Super Gateway Group Limited [Member]

Jun. 13, 2019

Super Gateway Group Limited (“SGGL”)

100.00%

Universal Gateway International Pte Ltd [Member]

Apr. 18, 2008

Universal Gateway International Pte. Ltd. (“UGI”)

98.30%

Melana International Pte Ltd [Member]

Sep. 30, 2000

Registered capital

¥ 5,000,000

Melana International Pte. Ltd. (“Melana”)

100.00%

Tri Global Security Pte Ltd [Member]

Sep. 09, 2000

Tri-Global Security Pte. Ltd. (“Tri-Global”)

100.00%

UG Digitech Private Limited [Member]

Aug. 10, 2000

UG Digitech Private Limited (“UGD”)

100.00%

Nosweat Fitness Company Private Limited [Member]

Aug. 16, 2001

^[3]

Nosweat Fitness Company Private Limited (“NFC”)

100.00%

True Cover Private Limited [Member]

Jul. 06, 2021

^[3]

True Cover Private Limited (“TCPL”)

100.00%

KR Digital Pte Ltd [Member]

Dec. 01, 2021

^[1],[3]

KR Digital Pte. Ltd. (“KR Digital”)

100.00%

Zukihealth Sdn Bhd [Member]

Dec. 29, 2021

^[1],[4]

Zukihealth Sdn. Bhd. (“Zukihealth”)

100.00%

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Feb. 15, 2018

[1]	These entities were presented as a discontinued operation in accompanying consolidated financial statements.
[2]	On March 1, 2022, SEMA, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, sold 100% of the equity interest in TGC to an unrelated individual third party for a total consideration of SG$ 1.0.
[3]	On December 4, 2023, these entities were struck off and dissolved.
[4]	On April 19, 2022, the Company acquired 100% equity interest of KR Digital Pte Ltd, (“KR Digital”), a Singapore Company, from Mr. Kelvin Chen, the Company’s Chief Executive Office (“CEO”) and shareholder for total consideration of SG$1. Prior to the acquisition of KR Digital, on April 15, 2022, KR Digital acquired 100% equity interest of Zukihealth Sdn Bhd, (“Zukihealth”), a Malaysia corporation, from Mr. Kelvin Chen, the Company’s CEO and shareholder for total consideration of SG$1. Both KR Digital and Zukihealth have no operations prior to the acquisition in April 2022. KR Digital, through Zukihealth, was expected to carry out the distribution of health care products business.

Reverse Recapitalization

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Reverse Recapitalization

Reverse Recapitalization

Note 4 – Reverse Recapitalization

On November 17, 2022, the Company consummated the Business Combination contemplated by the SPA between 8i, EHL, Watermark, and Kwong Yeow Liew, dated April 11, 2022 and amended May 30, 2022, June 10, 2022, and September 7, 2022. As contemplated by the SPA, a business combination between 8i and EHL was effected by the purchase by 8i of all of the issued and outstanding shares of EHL from Watermark, resulting in EHL becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of 8i.

Upon the consummation of the Business Combination, the following events contemplated by the SPA occurred, based on EUDA’s capitalization as of November 17, 2022:

	●	all 1,500,000 issued and outstanding shares of EHL were converted into 14,000,000 shares of the Company’s no par value ordinary shares after giving effect to the exchange ratio of 9.33 (“Exchange Ratio”); and

	●	the entitlement of 4,000,000 shares (“Earnout Shares”) of the Company’s no par value ordinary shares issued to the Seller subject to the following four triggering events:

	○	1,000,000 additional Earnout Shares to be issued if during the period beginning on the Closing Date and ending on the first anniversary of the Closing Date, the Company’s share price is equal to or greater than Fifteen Dollars ($15.00) after the Closing Date;

	○	1,000,000 additional Earnout Shares to be issued if during the period beginning on the first anniversary of the Closing Date and ending on the second anniversary of the Closing Date, the Company’s share price is equal to or greater than Twenty Dollars ($20.00);

	○	1,000,000 additional Earnout Shares to be issued if the consolidated audited financial statements of EUDA for the fiscal year commencing January 1, 2023 and ending December 31, 2023, reflect that EUDA has achieved both of the following financial metrics for such fiscal year: (x) revenues of at least $20,100,000 and (y) net income attributable to EUDA of at least $3,600,000.

	○	1,000,000 additional Earnout Shares to be issued if the consolidated audited financial statements of EUDA for the fiscal year commencing January 1, 2024 and ending December 31, 2024, reflect that EUDA has achieved both of the following financial metrics for such fiscal year: (x) revenues of at least $40,100,000 and (y) net income attributable to EUDA of at least $10,100,000.

In connection with the closing the Business Combination:

	●	all 8i’s no par value public ordinary shares of 2,591,545, net of the redemption of 6,033,455 shares of Company’s no par value ordinary shares, remained outstanding;

	●	all 8i’s no par value private ordinary shares of 292,250 remained outstanding;

	●	all 8i’s no par value founder shares of 2,156,250 remained outstanding;

	●	all 8i’s rights, consisting of 8,625,000 public rights and 292,250 private rights, automatically converted into an aggregate of 891,725 of the Company’s no par value ordinary shares;

	●	200,000 shares of the Company’s no par value ordinary shares were issued to a service provider in connection with the business combination;

	●	60,000 shares of the Company’s no par value ordinary shares were issued to a service provider in connection with the closing of transactions contemplated pursuant to certain share purchase agreement. Such issuance of the ordinary share serves the purpose of securing the repayment of $300,000 convertible promissory note to the service provider;

The following table presents the number of the Company’s ordinary shares issued and outstanding immediately following the Reverse Recapitalization:

	Ordinary Shares
8i ordinary shares outstanding prior to Reverse Recapitalization		11,073,500
Less: redemption of 8i ordinary shares		(6,033,455	)
Conversion of 8i rights		891,725
Shares issued to service providers		260,000
Conversion of EHL ordinary shares into 8i ordinary shares		14,000,000
Total shares outstanding		20,191,770

EHL was determined to be the accounting acquirer given EHL effectively controlled the combined entity after the SPAC Transaction. The transaction is not a business combination because 8i was not a business. The transaction is accounted for as a reverse recapitalization, which is equivalent to the issuance of shares by EHL for the net monetary assets of 8i, accompanied by a recapitalization. EHL is determined as the accounting acquirer and the historical financial statements of EHL became the Company’s historical financial statements, with retrospective adjustments to give effect of the reverse recapitalization. The net assets of 8i were recognized as of the closing date at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the Merger are those of EHL and EHL’s operations are the only ongoing operations of EHL.

In connection with the Reverse Recapitalization, the Company raised approximately $1.3 million of proceeds, presented as cash flows from financing activities, which included the contribution of approximately $87.1 million of funds held in 8i’s trust account, approximately $0.2 million of cash held in 8i’s operating cash account, net of approximately $60.8 million paid to redeem 6,033,455 public shares of 8i’s ordinary shares, approximately $3.0 million in transaction costs incurred by 8i, approximately $21.9 million prepayment of two forward purchase agreements, and repayments of a promissory note in the amount of $0.3 million issued to 8i’s related party.

The following table reconcile the elements of the Reverse Recapitalization to the consolidated statements of cash flows and the changes in shareholders’ equity (deficit):

	November 18, 2022
Funds held in 8i’s trust account	$	87,074,185
Funds held in 8i’s operating cash account		248,499
Less: amount paid to redeem public shares of 8i’s ordinary shares		(60,839,550	)
Less: payments of transaction costs incurred by 8i		(2,965,646	)
Less: payments of forward purchase agreements		(21,892,527	)
Less: repayments of promissory note – related party of 8i		(300,000	)
Proceeds from the Reverse Recapitalization		1,324,961
Less: unpaid deferred underwriting fee		(2,113,125	)
Less: unpaid transaction costs incurred by 8i		(382,600	)
Less: payment and accrued expenses of transaction costs related to the Reverse Recapitalization		(1,305,580	)
Add: non-cash net assets assumed from 8i		14,387,803
Net contributions from issuance of ordinary shares upon the Reverse Recapitalization	$	11,911,459

Commitments and contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Commitments and contingencies

Note 19 – Commitments and contingencies

Contingencies

Legal

From time to time, the Company is party to certain legal proceedings, as well as certain asserted and un-asserted claims. Amounts accrued, as well as the total amount of reasonably possible losses with respect to such matters, individually and in the aggregate, are not deemed to be material to the consolidated financial statements.

On March 30, 2022, the State Courts of the Republic of Singapore had reached a verdict that the Company’s subsidiaries, KRHSG and Melana (Defendants) is liable to compensate Jamie Fan Wei Zhi (Plaintiff), the Company’s related party for failing to procure the release of the Plaintiff from the guarantees to secure a credit line from United Overseas Bank before December 31, 2020. The Defendants agree to compensate the Plaintiff the sum of $3,704 (SGD 5,000) per month as guarantor fee starting from January 1, 2021 until the Defendants procured the release of the Plaintiff as the guarantor of the loan. The Defendants released the Jamie Fan Wei Zhi as the guarantor of the loan on October 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has paid Jamie Fan Wei Zhi $74,966 (SGD 100,000), and no more balance outstanding.

On May 12, 2023, there were disagreements between the directors and formers directors of the Company concerning, among others, the legitimacy of:

	a)	The purported appointment of David Capes (“Mr. Capes”) as the Chairmen of the Board of in place of Gerald Lim;
	b)	The purported appointment of Leonard Chee Hyong Chia (“Leonard”) to the Board as a replacement director;
	c)	The purported removal of certain individuals as director(s) of the Company by Mr. Capes and Leonard;
	d)	The removal of Mr. Capes as a director of the Company and from all Board committees on which he served on May 11, 2023;
	e)	The dispute by Mr. Capes regarding his removal as a director of the Company;
	f)	The validity of the purported shareholders’ resolutions of the Company dated May 12, 2023 (the “Resolutions”); and
	g)	The various other issues raised by the Board from time to time.

Upon consultation with the Company’s external counsel, the Board determined that the Resolutions were prima facie invalid and of no effect from the outset, and could be subject to legal challenges. The Board notes that Mr. Capes and his associates have not furnished any proof sustaining their allegation that the Resolutions were validly passed. The Board notes that Mr. Capes and his associates have not obtained any valid court order on the validity of the Resolutions. As of the date of this report, the Company does not expect the legal challenges among the disagreements between the directors and formers directors of the Company will have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition or results of operations of the Company.

The Company also filed a claim against Mr. Capes and one other defendant as a separate case in July 2023 in connection with unlawfully obstructed access to KRHSG’s client and clinic management systems, disrupting their business and resulting in losses to KRHSG in May 2023. The case has been accepted by the Court in September 2023 and the Company believe it has a reasonably good case against the defendants. As of the date of this report, the case is still ongoing and the contingent gain outcome of this case cannot be estimated as this time.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, except as disclosed above, the Company is not currently a party to any material legal proceedings, investigation or claims. However, the Company may, from time to time, be involved in legal matters arising in the ordinary course of its business. While the Company is not presently subject to any material legal proceedings, there can be no assurance that such matters will not arise in the future or that any such matters in which the Company is involved, or which may arise in the ordinary course of the Company’s business, will not at some point proceed to litigation or that such litigation will not have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition or results of operations of the Company.

Cover - shares	12 Months Ended
Cover - shares	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Document Type	20-F
Amendment Flag	false
Document Registration Statement	false
Document Annual Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Shell Company Report	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity File Number	001-40678
Entity Registrant Name	EUDA HEALTH HOLDINGS LIMITED
Entity Central Index Key	0001847846
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	D8
Entity Address, Address Line One	1 Pemimpin Drive #12-06
Entity Address, City or Town	One Pemimpin
Entity Address, Country	SG
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	576151
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	No
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period	false
Document Accounting Standard	U.S. GAAP
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Bankruptcy Proceedings, Reporting Current	true
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	24,627,509
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	false
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Auditor Firm ID	5395	711
Auditor Name	Marcum Asia CPAs LLP	Friedman LLP
Auditor Location	New York, NY	New York, New York
Ordinary Shares [Member]
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Ordinary Shares
Trading Symbol	EUDA
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Redeemable Warrants [Member]
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Redeemable Warrants
Trading Symbol	EUDAW
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Business Contact [Member]
Entity Addresses [Line Items]
Entity Address, Address Line One	1 Pemimpin Drive #12-07
Entity Address, City or Town	One Pemimpin
Entity Address, Country	SG
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	576151
City Area Code	+65
Local Phone Number	6268 6821
Contact Personnel Name	Wei Wen Kelvin Chen
Contact Personnel Email Address	kelvin@euda.com

Schedule of intangible assets net (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023
Customer Relationships [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Customer relationships	6 years

Concentrations risks (Details Narrative)	12 Months Ended
Concentrations risks (Details Narrative)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Cash balance	$ 189,005	$ 57,541
Cash FDIC	250,000
Restricted cash	10,820	641,461
Credit Risk [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Deposits	57,000			$ 75,000
Cash balance	177,205	56,370
Bank balance	84,870
Restricted cash		$ 391,461
Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| One Customer [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	11.30%
Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| No Customer [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage		10.00%	10.00%
Accounts Receivable [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Customer One [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	23.90%	18.30%
Accounts Receivable [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Customer Two [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	11.90%	11.20%
Accounts Receivable [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Customer Three [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	10.60%
Total Purchases [Member] \| Supplier Concentration Risk [Member] \| No Vendor [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%
Accounts Payable [Member] \| Supplier Concentration Risk [Member] \| Two Vendors [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	10.00%	10.00%

Schedule of components of loss before income taxes (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Singapore	$ (203,411)	$ (3,942,542)	$ 2,187,900
Foreign	(8,231,370)	(21,086,152)	(518,576)
(LOSS ) INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	$ (8,434,781)	$ (25,028,694)	$ 1,669,324

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(11))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483586/944-220-S99-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 31
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479557/942-235-S99-1

Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 25
-Paragraph 1
-SubTopic 20
-Topic 940
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481913/940-20-25-1

Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1

Convertible Notes Third Parties [Member]

Schedule of short-term loans (Details) - USD ($)

12 Months Ended

Feb. 15, 2023

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Convertible Notes Related Parties [Member]

$ 2,413,125

$ 2,619,625

782,600

Related Party [Member]

Meng Dong [Member] | Related Party [Member]

$ 759,442

^[1]

Meng Dong (James) Tan (2)

^[2]

December 31, 2023

8.00%

None

Alfred Lim [Member] | Related Party [Member]

$ 23,634

^[3]

Alfred Lim (3)

December 31, 2023, extended to June 30, 2024

8.00%

None

8i Enterprises Pte Ltd [Member] | Related Party [Member]

$ 138,119

^[4]

8i Enterprises Pte. Ltd(4)

^[2]

December 31, 2023

8.00%

None

Kaufaman & Canoles, P.C. (KC) [Member] | Promissory Note [Member]

$ 597,689

Kaufaman & Canoles, P. C. (“KC”)

15.00%

0.00%

None

Convertible promissory note

^[5]

Feb. 15, 2023

170,000

Maxim Group LLC [Member] | Convertible Notes Third Parties [Member]

Maxim Group LLC (“Maxim”)

0.00%

Automatically be converted into the Company’s ordinary shares at $5.00 per share if the balance is not being repaid by the maturity date

Jul. 31, 2024

Menora Capital Pte Ltd [Member] | Convertible Notes Third Parties [Member]

$ 2,113,125

2,113,125

Menora Capital Pte Ltd (“Menora”)

0.00%

Right to convert into the Company’s ordinary shares equal to the unpaid Principal Amount as of the Maturity Date divided by the five day VWAP Price of the Company’s ordinary shares immediately preceding the maturity date if the balance is not being repaid by the maturity date

^[6],[7]

Nov. 17, 2023

Loeb and Loeb LLP [Member] | Convertible Notes Third Parties [Member]

87,500

Loeb & Loeb LLP (“Loeb”)

0.00%

(1) 60,000 of the Company ordinary share has been issued to Loeb, which is subject to be returned and cancellation if the Company repaid the full or part of the convertible note, and (2) Loeb has the right to sell the ordinary shares in public market and the earning from the sales should be offset the remaining balance of the convertible note

^[8],[9]

Nov. 17, 2023

Shine Link Limited [Member] | Convertible Notes Third Parties [Member]

$ 300,000

300,000

Shine Link Limited (“Shine Link”)

0.00%

^[6],[7]

Nov. 17, 2023

8i Holdings 2 Ptd Ltd [Member] | Convertible Notes Related Parties [Member]

119,000

^[7]

8i Holdings 2 Ptd Ltd (“8i Holding”)

^[7]

0.00%

^[7]

^[7],[10]

Nov. 17, 2023

Meng Dong James Tan [Member] | Convertible Notes Related Parties [Member]

^[7]

82,600

^[8]

Meng Dong (James) Tan

^[8]

0.00%

^[8]

^[8],[10]

Nov. 17, 2023

^[8]

$ 700,000

[1]	Mr. Meng Dong (James) Tan, the Company’s related party has more than 10% ownership of the Company.
[2]	Converted the loan balances into the Company’s ordinary shares in March 2024. See Note 20.
[3]	Mr. Alfred Lim is an executive director of the Company.
[4]	Mr. Meng Dong (James) Tan, the Company’s related party who had more than 10% ownership of the Company, is the sole shareholder and director of 8i Enterprises Pte. Ltd. Mr. Tan has sole voting and dispositive power over the shares.
[5]	This promissory note has a default interest of 15% per annum beginning on February 15, 2023 until paid in full. In June 2023, the Company and KC has entered into a settlement agreement (“the Agreement”) to settle the promissory note. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company shall pay KC (1) $100,000 within two days of the dates that the Company’s US counsel, Loeb & Loeb, confirm that it has received from KC all information and documents necessary for them to prepare an amended S-1 registration statement covering the resale of securities, and (2) $60,000 within two business days after the date the first amendment to the registration statement is filed with the SEC. As of December 31, 2023, the balance owed to KC amounted to $60,000 and classified as other payables and accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
[6]	Converted the note balances into the Company’s ordinary shares in May 2023. See Note 15 for detail.
[7]	Mr. Meng Dong (James) Tan, the Company’s related party who had more than 10% ownership of the Company, is the sole shareholder and director of 8i Holdings 2 Pte. Ltd. Mr. Tan has sole voting and dispositive power over the shares.
[8]	Mr. Meng Dong (James) Tan, the Company’s related party has more than 10% ownership of the Company.
[9]	The maturity date is being extended into three equal installments of $100,000, with the first installment due on or prior to April 30, 2024, the second installment on or prior to May 31, 2024 and the third installment on or prior to June 30, 2024. See Note 20 for detail.
[10]	Converted the note balances into the Company’s ordinary shares in May 2023. See Note 15 for detail.

Schedule of earnout shares for triggering event (Details)	Nov. 17, 2022 $ / shares
Share price of the Company as of closing date	$ 5.21
Average daily return rate	0.02%
Triggering Event 1 [Member]
Daily volatility	4.74%
Risk-free rate	4.75%
Grant Price	$ 15.0
Triggering Event 2 [Member]
Daily volatility	4.30%
Risk-free rate	4.49%
Grant Price	$ 20.0

Schedule of revenue (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Schedule of revenue (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Product Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 3,706,458	$ 3,764,295	$ 4,558,520
Property Management Service Common Area Management [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	2,628,073	2,919,335	3,508,663
Property Management Service Security Management [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 1,078,385	$ 844,960	$ 1,049,857

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 924
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.L)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479941/924-10-S99-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-30

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 42
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-4

Shareholders’ equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($)								1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
Shareholders’ equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Jun. 08, 2023	May 22, 2023	May 16, 2023	May 15, 2023	Nov. 17, 2022	Jul. 25, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Aug. 31, 2023	Jul. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Sep. 20, 2022	Aug. 03, 2021
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued					1,500,000
Ordinary shares, shares authorized										Unlimited	Unlimited
Ordinary shares, no par value					$ 0					$ 0
Ordinary shares voting rights										Holders of the Company’s ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each ordinary share
Number of ordinary shares issued	1,600,000				6,191,770	4,626,667				1,000,000
Ordinary share issued before reverse recapitalization						500,000
Total consideration for shares issued						$ 500,000					$ 500,000
Sale price of the ordinary shares										$ 16.50
Loss on debt settlement										$ 645,612
Ordinary shares issued for debt settlement, value										2,963,218
Number of additional shares issued	$ 1.48
Value of shares issued in settlement										$ 2,368,000
Warrant to purchase ordinary share, price per share										$ 11.50
Warrants redemption price										$ 0.01
Earnout shares					4,000,000
Revenue										$ 3,706,458	3,764,295	4,558,520
Net income										(10,039,481)	$ (24,884,122)	$ 864,829
Minimum [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Resale of ordinary shares	800,000
Revenue										20,100,000
Net income										3,600,000
Triggering Event 1 [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Number of additional shares issued					$ 15.00
Earnout Shares to be issued					1,000,000
Fair value of earnout shares										1,926,610
Triggering Event 2 [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Number of additional shares issued					$ 20.00
Earnout Shares to be issued					1,000,000
Fair value of earnout shares										$ 3,273,019
Triggering Event 3 [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Earnout Shares to be issued					1,000,000
Triggering Event 3 [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Revenue					$ 20,100,000
Net income					$ 3,600,000
Triggering Event 4 [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Earnout Shares to be issued					1,000,000
Triggering Event 4 [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Revenue					$ 40,100,000
Net income					$ 10,100,000
Warrant [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding														8,917,250
Warrants term										5 years
Public Warrant [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding										8,625,000				8,625,000
Private Warrant [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding										292,250				292,250
Tan 2023 Note [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Number of ordinary shares issued			700,000
Resale of ordinary shares			700,000
Conversion per shares			$ 1.00	$ 1.00
Note modification amount in conversion			$ 308,000
Increase in additional paid-in capital			1,008,000
Loss on debt settlement			$ 308,000
Unpaid principal amount conversion				$ 700,000
Debt principal amount				$ 700,000
Converted shares			700,000
Ordinary shares issued for debt settlement, value			$ 700,000
Settlement Agreement [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued for debt settlement			478,200
Conversion amount			$ 210,408
Conversion per shares			$ 1.00
Note modification amount in conversion			$ 478,200
Increase in additional paid-in capital			688,608
Loss on debt settlement			$ 210,408							$ 210,408
Ordinary shares issued for debt settlement, value										688,608
Settlement Agreement Two [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Conversion per shares			$ 1.00
Note modification amount in conversion			$ 127,204
Increase in additional paid-in capital			416,304
Loss on debt settlement			127,204							127,204
Unpaid principal amount conversion			$ 289,100
Ordinary shares issued for debt settlement, value										416,304
Settlement Agreement Two [Member] \| Shine Link Limited [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued for debt settlement			87,500
Settlement Agreement Two [Member] \| Menora Capital Pte Ltd [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued for debt settlement			119,000
Settlement Agreement Two [Member] \| 8i Holdings 2 Ptd Ltd [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued for debt settlement			82,600
Chen Settlement Agreement [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued for debt settlement			850,306
Loss on debt settlement
Ordinary shares issued for debt settlement, value			$ 850,306							$ 850,306
Number of additional shares issued				$ 1.47
Chen Settlement Agreement [Member] \| Dr. Kelvin Chen [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued for debt settlement				578,439
Ordinary shares forfeited			271,867
Prepaid Forward Contracts [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Ordinary shares issued in settlement	1,600,000
Value of shares issued in settlement	$ 2,368,000
Private Placement [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Resale of ordinary shares		940,000						50,000
Sale price of the ordinary shares		$ 1.00						$ 1.00
Ordinary shares sold, value		$ 940,000						$ 50,000
Number of shares cancelled									200,000
Investor [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Capital contributions													$ 600,000
Ordinary shares issued					120,000
Wilke Services Limited [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Forgiveness of debt by a related party							$ 2,763,018
8i Holding [Member]
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Number of ordinary shares issued					6,191,770

Income taxes (Details Narrative)	12 Months Ended
Income taxes (Details Narrative)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 SGD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Foreign income tax rate	17.00%	17.00%	17.00%	17.00%
Taxable income			$ (20,789)	$ 46,488
Operating losses carry forward	3,200,000		3,000,000.0
Allowance on deferred tax assets on operating losses	544,385		502,382
Singapore Subsidiaries [Member]
Allowance on deferred tax assets on operating losses	$ 500,000		$ 500,000
SINGAPORE
Income tax description	The applicable tax rate is 17% in Singapore, with 75% of the first approximately $8,000 (SGD 10,000) taxable income and 50% of the next approximately $144,000 (SGD 190,000) taxable income are exempted from income tax.	The applicable tax rate is 17% in Singapore, with 75% of the first approximately $8,000 (SGD 10,000) taxable income and 50% of the next approximately $144,000 (SGD 190,000) taxable income are exempted from income tax.
Foreign income tax rate	17.00%	17.00%
SINGAPORE \| 75% [Member]
Taxable income	$ 8,000	$ 10,000
SINGAPORE \| 50% [Member]
Taxable income	$ 144,000	$ 190,000

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

+ References + Details

Schedule of fair value hierarchy of financial liability (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 08, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Nov. 17, 2022
Platform Operator, Crypto-Asset [Line Items]
Prepaid forward purchase liabilities	$ 21,624,711	$ 20,321,053	$ 7,409,550
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Platform Operator, Crypto-Asset [Line Items]
Prepaid forward purchase liabilities
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Platform Operator, Crypto-Asset [Line Items]
Prepaid forward purchase liabilities
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Platform Operator, Crypto-Asset [Line Items]
Prepaid forward purchase liabilities		$ 20,321,053

Schedule of property and equipment useful lives (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant, and Equipment, Useful Life, Term, Description [Extensible Enumeration]	Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Office Equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Electronic equipment	3 years

Schedule of operating and finance lease expenses (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Amortization of leased asset	$ 8,148	$ 7,948	$ 8,153
Total lease expenses	134,098	96,916	68,394
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Lease expenses	123,366	87,692	58,602
Lease expenses - short-term
Amortization of leased asset	8,148	7,948	8,153
Interest Expense [Member]
Interest on lease liabilities	$ 2,584	$ 1,276	$ 1,639

Goodwill (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Goodwill (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Impairment loss		$ 971,229

Nature of business and organization (Details Narrative) - SGD ($)	Mar. 01, 2022	Aug. 01, 2021	Jul. 24, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Aug. 03, 2021
Kent Ridge Healthcare Singapore Private Limited [Member]
Ownership percentage			100.00%
Consideration			$ 1.0
EUDA Private Limited [Member]
Ownership percentage			100.00%	100.00%
Consideration			$ 1.0
Super Gateway Group Limited [Member]
Ownership percentage		100.00%		100.00%
Consideration		$ 1.0
Singapore Emergency Medical Assistance Private Limited [Member]
Ownership percentage	100.00%			100.00%	100.00%
Consideration	$ 1.0

Intangible assets, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Schedule of intangible assets

Intangible assets consisted of the following:

Schedule of intangible assets

	As of December 31, 2023		As of December 31, 2022

Customer relationships	$	-	$	650,102
Less: Accumulated amortization		-		(477,584	)
Less: Impairment		-		(167,787	)
Exchange rate effect		-		(4,731	)
Total intangible assets, net	$	-	$	-

Schedule of cost of revenue (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Schedule of cost of revenue (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Product Information [Line Items]
Total cost of revenues	$ 2,864,383	$ 2,894,296	$ 3,308,536
Property Management Services Common Area Management [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Total cost of revenues	1,983,009	2,210,703	2,461,981
Property Management Services Security Management [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Total cost of revenues	$ 881,374	$ 683,593	$ 846,555

The aggregate cost of goods produced and sold and services rendered during the reporting period.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 323
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481687/323-10-50-3

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 825
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 28
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482907/825-10-50-28

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1A
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